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Hepatic disorders in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Ghassan M. Hammoud, Jamal A. Ibdah
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Hepeviridae family. The virus is transmitted via the fecal–oral route, commonly by contaminated water supplies. Vertical transmission of hepatitis E virus ranged between 33% and 50% (33,34). The virus is endemic in the Middle East, India, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, Central America, and South America. Hepatitis E is an acute disease that does not progresses to chronicity, although reports of chronic HEV have been described in liver transplant recipients (35,36). The clinical presentation is basically the same as that for HAV. HEV infection is known to cause severe hepatitis, fulminant liver failure, preterm labor, and increased mortality in pregnant women especially in their third trimester with reported maternal mortality rates as high as 20% to 31.1% (4,37). The incubation period is 3–8 weekes, with a mean of 40 days. Cholestatic hepatitis is common. Acute hepatitis E infection is diagnosed by detection of IgM anti-HEV or a rising titer of IgG anti-HEV. The treatment is supportive therapy. A proved effective vaccine against HEV is currently not available. There is no current evidence that HEV infection is transmitted in breast milk.
Infections of the Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas
Published in Keith Struthers, Clinical Microbiology, 2017
HEV is a 1-RNA virus and is the only member of the Hepeviridae, and the hepevirus genus; it is transmitted by the faecal–oral route. The infection is associated with travel to the Middle East and South East Asia, but it is recognized that HEV infection in higher-income countries is more common than previously thought. The source of these infections is not clear, but may be from pork or wild animal meat. Patients with acute hepatitis must be tested for HEV, irrespective of their age or travel history.
Viral infections in lung transplantation
Published in Wickii T. Vigneswaran, Edward R. Garrity, John A. Odell, LUNG Transplantation, 2016
Lara Danziger-Isakov, Erik Verschuuren, Oriol Manuel
In developed countries HEV is known as a major cause of hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route.111 HEV is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Hepeviridae family, and in developed countries it is known as a traveler’s disease. Travel-related HEV infection is caused by hepatitis E genotype 1 or 2.112 Genotype 3 has recently been identified as a cause of chronic hepatitis in lung transplant patients and is now recognized as a zoonotic pathogen.113,114
Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 is associated with gallstone-related disease
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2019
Miriam Karlsson, Heléne Norder, Maria Bergström, Per-Ola Park, Marie Karlsson, Rune Wejstål, Åsa Alsiö, Anders Rosemar, Martin Lagging, Åsa Mellgren
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a small nonenveloped RNA-virus forming the Hepeviridae family. Five genotypes, HEV1-4 and HEV7, are known to infect humans, mainly via fecal-oral transmission [1]. Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV3) is endemic in Sweden, where the anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence is approximately 17% among blood donors [2]. However, in spite of this high seroprevalence, only 42 clinical cases were notified to The Public Health Agency of Sweden in 2017 [3]. Possible reasons for this large discrepancy include scarce awareness of HEV among clinicians, difficulties in accessing diagnostics, and that HEV3 often is associated with sporadic self-limited acute infections, with up to 70% of cases believed to have a mild or asymptomatic infection [4,5].
Are VIDAS® anti-HEV IgM and IgG assays fit for reliable diagnosis of hepatitis E virus infections? Comparison & case story telling
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2021
Lien Cattoir, Koen O.A. Vercauteren, Elizaveta Padalko, Hans De Beenhouwer, Kristien Van Vaerenbergh, An Boel
HEV is a small, non-enveloped, single stranded RNA virus. It belongs to the genus Orthohepevirus in the family of Hepeviridae [5]. Human cases of HEV are caused by strains within species A, which comprises eight genotypes [4]. HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are typically associated with human epidemic outbreaks in developing countries. They are transmitted between humans by the fecal-oral route. HEV genotypes 3 and 4 usually occur as sporadic cases and are transmitted through food or zoonotically from animal reservoirs [4–6]. The other genotypes have (almost) exclusively been reported in animals: genotype 5 and 6 in wild boar, and genotype 7 and 8 in camels (except for one human case report) [4,7].
Screening, diagnosis and risks associated with Hepatitis E virus infection
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Sébastien Lhomme, Florence Legrand-Abravanel, Nassim Kamar, Jacques Izopet
HEV belongs to the Hepeviridae family. This family has 2 genera: Orthohepevirus, which includes 4 species (A-D), and Piscihepevirus (Figure 1). The species Orthohepevirus A includes the HEV strains that infect humans and other mammals. Orthohepevirus B infects chickens, Orthohepevirus C infects rats and ferrets, Orthohepevirus D infects bats and Piscihepevirus A infects cutthroat trout. Orthohepevirus A consists of at least 8 distinct HEV genotypes, but only one serotype has been described [1].