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The Role of the Microbiota and the Application of Probiotics in Reducing the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases
Published in Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Raquel Bedani, Lactic Acid Bacteria, 2020
Raquel Bedani, Susana Marta Isay Saad
Several studies have shown a relationship between the microbiota from the oral cavity and the atherosclerotic plaques of individuals with atherosclerosis (Kholy et al. 2015, Bui et al. 2019). The most common bacterial genera in the oral cavity are Treponema spp., Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp., Capnocytophaga spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Fusobacterium spp., Actinobacillus spp., and Eikenella spp. (Bui et al. 2019). The oral microbiota is found in saliva, gingival epithelium, and other oral cavity surfaces, and concentrated in dental plaques (Bui et al. 2019).
Acute Otitis Media
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
A somewhat different incidence of organisms has been identified from those gained from culture in AOM. Around 20% of samples do not grow bacteria. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the most commonly reported in order of decreasing frequency. Haemophilus influenzae is less commonly reported, and Moraxella catarrhalis, Proteus mirabilis and Gram-negative anaerobes rarely. Fusobacterium necrophorum is also being increasingly implicated. Clinical features may vary in accordance with the pathogen isolated. Streptococcus pneumoniae appears to lead to more severe symptoms and a higher incidence of mastoidectomy, S. pyogenes causes less otalgia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa particularly affects children with ventilation tubes, with a less aggressive clinical course.50
Doxycycline
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Gastrointestinal anaerobes such as the Bacteroides fragilis group and Clostridium spp. are doxycycline-sensitive, although their MIC90 values are at the breakpoints for the drug (Schaumann et al., 2000). Fusobacterium spp. (Schaumann et al., 2000) and Prevotella spp. are also sensitive to doxycycline (Chow et al., 1975; Sutter and Finegold, 1976).
Analysis of microbial communities of ocular prostheses and anophthalmic sockets using 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Published in Biofouling, 2023
L. R Makrakis, V. C Oliveira, E. S Santos, C Nascimento, E Watanabe, A. B Ribeiro, C. H Silva-Lovato
Analyzing the main genera that colonized the ocular prosthesis and anophthalmic socket, Fusobacterium, Staphylococcus, Prevotella, and Streptococcus were reported to be predominant in both sites. Fusobacterium is a genus of anaerobic filamentous Gram-negative rods that inhabit the oral cavity and respiratory tract (Olsen 2014). A recent study showed that Fusobacterium is a dominant genus in the anophthalmic socket (Zhao et al. 2023). The presence of oral and respiratory tract bacteria on the evaluated sites can be associated with the anatomic connections among the oral, nasal, and orbital sockets (Salgado-López et al. 2020). We suggest that direct transmission of bacteria might occur among the sockets. An association between orbital complications and nasal cavity infection was reported by Snidvongs et al. (2021).
Integration of constraint-based modeling with fecal metabolomics reveals large deleterious effects of Fusobacterium spp. on community butyrate production
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Johannes Hertel, Almut Heinken, Filippo Martinelli, Ines Thiele
Although well documented, the cause for the depletion of butyrate producing species in CRC is less understood. Here, we found that the presence of Fusobacterium sp. is strongly associated with this shift in community composition, which was quantified by the highly negative ecological effect of Fusobacterium sp. on community butyrate production (Figure 3). Importantly, the negative effect of Fusobacterium sp. is not a CRC-specific feature. In healthy individuals, the presence of Fusobacterium sp. was associated with lower butyrate production capacities accordingly (Figure 3b). This observation fits well with in vitro studies showing that F. nucleatum produces bactericidal compounds hazardous to butyrate-producing species, in this case F. prausnitzii.46 Of note, the highest negative effects on community butyrate production were with F. varium, F. mortiferum, and F. ulcerans, indicating that not only F. nucleatum may play a role in CRC (Figure 4). Fusobacterium spp. co-occur with each other,43 making inferences about a single species complicated. For example, in the present study, we also found F. mortiferum to be significantly enriched in CRC (Figure 2c). In conclusion, the evidence points overall toward Fusobacterium spp. being deleterious for community butyrate production.
Associations of the gut microbiome with hepatic adiposity in the Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Meredith A. J. Hullar, Isaac C. Jenkins, Timothy W. Randolph, Keith R. Curtis, Kristine R. Monroe, Thomas Ernst, John A. Shepherd, Daniel O. Stram, Iona Cheng, Bruce S. Kristal, Lynne R. Wilkens, Adrian Franke, Loic Le Marchand, Unhee Lim, Johanna W. Lampe
Oral bacteria have been implicated in inflammation-based diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, T2D, colorectal cancer (CRC), and NASH).84,85 We observed a higher abundance Fusobacterium, Aggregatibacter, and Alloprevotella in participants presenting with NAFLD, which varied by ethnicity (Figure 2). In our study, Alloprevotella was significantly increased in whites with NAFLD and others have Alloprevotella enriched in liver biopsies in subjects with NAFLD.70Aggregatibacter has been associated with NAFLD and altered glucose metabolism.46,47Fusobacterium was significantly decreased in African Americans with NAFLD (Figure 2, Supplemental Figure 4). In contrast, whites with NAFLD showed a significant enrichment in Fusobacterium and a higher percentage of whites had Fusobacterium in their stool (Figure 2, Supplemental Figure 4). Fecal enrichment in stool of the oral pathogen Fusobacterium, has been associated with NAFLD and with inflammation and fibrosis in NASH.12,61,86 The clinical relevance of Fusobacterium may be as an alterable prognostic marker linked to prevention through changes in periodontal and oral hygiene.87