China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Unexplained Fever In Gynecology
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Jacob R. Cohen, Michael Burke, Amos Ber
Pelvic actinomycosis is a rare disease caused mainly by the Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Actinomyces israelii. The disease is more prevalent in the age range from 20 to 40 years. The main predisposing factors are surgery, I.U.D.26 and ruptured appendix. The clinical presentation is not specific. In the absence of fistulae and chronic sinuses, there are few typical features of actinomycosis. Early symptoms are low-grade fever or flu-like syndrome.23 The onset is often insidious. Patients may complain of low-grade fever,23 weight loss, and lower abdominal pain.
Toxicity of Antineoplastic Chemotherapy in Children
Published in Sam Kacew, Drug Toxicity and Metabolism in Pediatrics, 1990
Theodore Zwerdling, Steven K. Bergstrom, Stephen D. Smith
A variety of toxic symptoms may be seen with initial therapy, including anorexia, nausea, and diarrhea. Most of these are self-limiting and disappear with continued therapy. A more serious flu-like syndrome has been described, with myalgias, fevers, chills, and lethargy, which is also self-limiting.
Antibiotics Commonly Used for Skin Infections
Published in Sarah H. Wakelin, Howard I. Maibach, Clive B. Archer, Handbook of Systemic Drug Treatment in Dermatology, 2015
Hui Min Liew, Victoria J. Hogarth, Roderick J. Hay
Rifampicin is generally regarded as a relatively safe drug, but the following adverse reactions have been described: Cutaneous adverse effects that are mild and self-limiting consist of flushing and pruritus with or without a rash. Urticaria and more serious cutaneous adverse drug reactions are uncommon. Exfoliate dermatitis, bullous dermatoses, erythema multiforme/Stevens–Johnson syndrome and vasculitis have been reported rarely.Gastrointestinal adverse effects are common and consist of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort and diarrhoea.Hepatitis is usually characterized by transiently elevated transaminases. Hyperbilirubinaemia can occur in the early days of treatment due to competition between rifampicin and bilirubin for hepatic excretion.Thrombocytopenia with or without purpura may occur, and is in association with intermittent therapy. Eosinophilia, leukopenia and agranulocytosis have also been reported.A flu-like syndrome consisting of episodes of fever, chills, headache, dizziness and bone pain has mainly been reported with intermittent or irregular therapy and may represent drug hypersensitivity. Anaphylaxis has also been described.Red-orange discolouration of the urine, sweat, sputum and tears is common and may lead to permanent staining of soft contact lenses.
Conventional and emerging treatments and controversies in myasthenia gravis
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2023
Amelia Evoli, Valentina Damato
Azathioprine is still first-line immunosuppressant in MG. Its use can be prevented by a rare idiosyncratic reaction, as a flu-like syndrome with fever, malaise and skin rash, or can be limited by hepatoxicity and leukopenia. Severe myelosuppression with standard doses can occur in subjects (10% of the general population) carrying nonfunctional alleles of thiopurine S-methyltransferase the enzyme that inactivates azathioprine [50]. Despite negative results of two RCTs [57,58], mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is largely used in MG as it was effective and well tolerated in large clinical studies [59]. AEs, like hepatoxicity and leukopenia, are less common than with azathioprine. The use of cyclosporine is limited by potentially severe AEs, like nephrotoxicity [50], while tacrolimus is widely used in Asian countries because of its quick effect and favorable safety profile [60]. There is limited experience with methotrexate that is currently third-line immunosuppressant in MG. As it works by inhibiting the dihydrofolate reductase, folate addition is necessary. Low-dose treatment, as in treating other autoimmune diseases, is well tolerated, with hair loss and hepatoxicity being the most frequent complications [44]. MMF, methotrexate, and cyclophosphamide are contraindicated in pregnancy.
Effectiveness of Infliximab and Interferon Alpha-2a for the Treatment of Behçet’s Uveitis: Customizing Therapy according to the Clinical Features
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Luca De Simone, Alessandro Invernizzi, Raffaella Aldigeri, Valentina Mastrofilippo, Chiara Marvisi, Fabrizio Gozzi, Elena Bolletta, Chantal Adani, Nicolò Pipitone, Francesco Muratore, Luigi Fontana, Carlo Salvarani, Luca Cimino
Both IFN and Infliximab were well tolerated with no serious adverse events. We chose the dose of 3 Million UI for IFN Alpha-2a therapy considering that Guedry et al.24 successfully treated patients with severe uveitis associated with BD using this lower-dose therapeutic scheme compared to Kotter at al.23 with a good safety profile. Flu-like syndrome occurred in all patients at treatment initiation and was considered as an indirect sign of response to IFN alpha-2a, as suggested by Deuter et al.41–43 In our series no cases of depression and no serious adverse event were reported. IFN- induced retinopathy has been reported in the past, mostly in patients with hepatitis or multiple Sclerosis treated with Interferon-ß.44 Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy has also been reported in patients treated with IFN.45 None of these complications occurred in our cohort.
Efficacy and Safety of Interferon Alpha 2A and Pegylated Interferon Alpha 2A in Inflammatory Macular Edema
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020
Chloé Couret, Marion Servant, Pierre Lebranchu, Mohamed Hamidou, Michel Weber
Nevertheless, it appeareds that AEs were common, mainly mild, and that SAEs such as cytopenia or the occurrence of a major depressive episode were rare. Moreover, in Deuter study, developing flu-like syndrome was a positive predictor of response to IFN-α, in the absence of anti-IFN-α antibodies. In this study, we not find any correlation between the efficacy and the fact to develop or not a flu-like syndrome. It should be noted that 5 cases of mild dysthyroidism were reported and that there was no major impairment of the liver function. Finally, as in almost all ophthalmological studies, we did not identify any ocular complication, in particular there was no ischemic retinopathy and no Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome while they are observed in hepatology with high doses of IFN in combination with ribavirin.25 In contrast, we observed AE-related treatment discontinuation in 36% of cases, showing the importance of taking into account AEs when choosing treatments for refractory IME.