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Occupational nail diseases
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
Deepika Pandhi, Vandana Kataria
There are various uncommon presentations of bacterial infections affecting nail unit. For example, Erysipeloid, also known as fish handler’s disease, is a bacterial infection caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Occupations at risk are fishers, butchers, and poultry dressers. Other diseases like Leishmaniasis mimic Erysipeloid, usually seen in meat or fish handlers. TB infection: Other diseases involving nail unit like Prosector’s wart (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), swimming pool granuloma (Mycobacterium marinum), Tularemia inocculation by coccobacillus Pasturella tularensis.6
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Alasdair M. Geddes, Ian M. Gould, Jason A. Roberts, Jason A. Trubiano, M. Lindsay Grayson
Other Bacillus spp. can also cause serious infections in humans, such as endocarditis, meningitis, and surgical wound infections. Weber et al. (1988) studied 89 strains, all isolated from blood cultures of patients. Bacillus cereus (54 strains) was the most common species and was Pen G resistant, but it was susceptible to imipenem, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. The rarer species, such as B. megaterium, B. polymyxa, B. pumilus, and B. subtilis, were generally Pen G sensitive, but there was variability among the species. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae seems to remain fully susceptible to penicillin (Gransden and Eykyn, 1988; Venditti et al., 1990; Yamamoto et al., 2000).
Diagnostic stewardship based on patient profiles: differential approaches in acute versus chronic infectious syndromes
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Giusy Tiseo, Fabio Arena, Silvio Borrè, Floriana Campanile, Marco Falcone, Cristina Mussini, Federico Pea, Gabriele Sganga, Stefania Stefani, Mario Venditti
The identification of etiological agents is a critical point in patients with subacute-chronic intravascular infections and endocarditis, because atypical pathogens may be involved in these infections. Typical agents are represented by viridans group streptococcal species (VGS), Streptococcus gallolyticus and Enterococcus faecalis [23]; less frequent agents are other non-VGS streptococcal and non-E. faecalis enterococcal species, Abiotrophia/Granulicatella species and Gram-negative bacilli of the HACEK (Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella) group [24–27]. While Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, Brucella spp. and Tropheryma whipplei, are rare agents, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia spp should be considered as exceptional ones [28–32]. Except for E. rhusiopathiae, all these organisms may be responsible for the so-called Blood-Culture-Negative Endocarditis (BCNE), defined as endocarditis with negative blood cultures after 7 days of incubation. Thus, they should be considered when prior antibiotic therapy is excluded as the cause of negative cultures results [27]. Modern techniques and prolonged blood culture incubation are instruments to increase the chance of organism identification: modern conventional automated blood culture systems may support the identification of some fastidious or slow-growing organisms historically known as cause of BCNE (including HACEK Gram-negative bacilli and Abiotrophia/Granulicatella species) [26], while prolonged incubation up to 3 to 6 weeks is suggested in patients with risk factors and exposures to Brucella species [33,34].