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Ethnopharmacology of the Genus Pilocarpus
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Ronaldo dos Santos Sousa, Mahendra Rai, Chistiane Mendes Feitosa, Leiz Maria Costa Veras, Pedro Vitor Oliveira S. Furtado
Silva et al. (2014) evaluated the antiparasitic activity of P. spicatus extracts against the epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. The hexanic and methanolic extracts of leaves and roots were tested in vitro against Trypanosoma cruzi cepa Y and showed relevant trypanomicidal activity.
Chemical and Functional Properties of Amazonian Fruits
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Elaine Pessoa, Josilene Lima Serra, Hervé Rogez, Sylvain Darnet
The antiparasitic action of the polysaccharide extracts (54% carbohydrates, with 21% being uronic acid) from genipap leaves on the epimastigote, trypomastigote and amastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi was also observed. The cell death of this protozoan may have relationship with reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules that cause peroxidative damage to the trypanothione reductase and alter the redox balance (Souza et al., 2018).
Trypanosoma cruzi
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Paula Andrea Jiménez, Jesus Eduardo Jaimes, Juan David Ramírez
This technique consists of cultivating blood samples from the patient. There are several culture media that allow the isolation of T. cruzi, some are of the cell type and therefore allow replication of the cycle of the parasite, mainly trypomastigote/amastigote; another is the biphasic medium containing a solid phase as blood agar and a liquid as fetal bovine serum; and finally monophasic means the main exponent is the liver infusion broth medium in which the epimastigote forms grow freely. The cultures are analyzed under the microscope at 20, 30, and 45 days looking for forms of epimastigotes. [66].
Thio- and selenosemicarbazones as antiprotozoal agents against Trypanosoma cruzi and Trichomonas vaginalis
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Alexandra Ibáñez-Escribano, Cristina Fonseca-Berzal, Mónica Martínez-Montiel, Manuel Álvarez-Márquez, María Gómez-Núñez, Manuel Lacueva-Arnedo, Teresa Espinosa-Buitrago, Tania Martín-Pérez, José Antonio Escario, Penélope Merino-Montiel, Sara Montiel-Smith, Alicia Gómez-Barrio, Óscar López, José G. Fernández-Bolaños
In the present work we have accomplished the preparation of an ample number of thio(seleno)semicarbazones as potential antiparasitic agents against T. cruzi (responsible for Chagas disease) and T. vaginalis (responsible for trichomoniasis) with a mode of action different to that of classical nitroheterocyclic compounds, the current only available drugs for treating both parasitic infections. We have carried out an extensive analysis of SARs upon modification of the stereoelectronic effects of the aromatic substituents, together with the nature of the chalcogen atom (S vs. Se). Thiosemicarbazide 31, bearing a naphthyl residue on N-4, exhibited the best trypanocidal activity at the epimastigote stage of two different parasitic strains, with similar profile to that of the reference drug benznidazole.
Oxidative stress implications for therapeutic vaccine development against Chagas disease
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2021
Subhadip Choudhuri, Lizette Rios, Juan Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán, Nisha Jain Garg
Studies examining infection dynamics and parasite tropism failed to identify the organs, tissues, or cells that play a crucial role in the recrudescence of T. cruzi during chronic stage and may play an important role in clinical manifestations of CD. Yet, some studies showed that T. cruzi trypomastigotes can transition from an amastigote-like stage to an epimastigote-like morphological form that have the capability to initiate the recurrence of infection by invading the phagocytes and cardiac cells [26]. Others identified non-proliferative dormant amastigotes, which were resistant to anti-parasitic drugs and able to reestablish infection by converting to trypomastigotes even after 30 days of drug exposure [27]. These findings suggest that the dormancy state of T. cruzi accounts for the failure of potential therapeutic drugs and complete cure of infection.
Plant-made vaccines against parasites: bioinspired perspectives to fight against Chagas disease
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2021
Abel Ramos-Vega, Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante, Eric Dumonteil, Bernardo Bañuelos-Hernández, Carlos Angulo
Trypanosoma cruzi goes through different biological stages in its life cycle (Figure 1). The triatomine vector initially hosts the epimastigote, which multiplies by binary fission in the digestive tract [28]. Once the hindgut has been reached, the parasite differentiates into metacyclic trypomastigotes that can be expelled with the feces while blood-feeding and/or infecting host cells neighboring the bite [29,30]. Once inside cells, T. cruzi differentiates into the intracellular amastigote replicative form [31]. When replication is achieved, T. cruzi returns to the trypomastigote stage that finally lyses the infected cell, leading parasites to spread through the bloodstream to other cells and tissues. The cycle is completed when the bug sucks blood from a host infected with T. cruzi trypomastigotes [32]. In each parasite form, several proteins are expressed to play relevant roles during infection and pathogenesis (Figure 1). They include Tc24 and Tc52, which are expressed in all parasite stages; TSA-1 and TS play an important role in trypomastigotes; ASP-2 is expressed in amastigotes or cruzipain and involved in immune modulation and evasion in the mammalian host.