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Order Nidovirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The family Coronaviridae, the only member of the Cornidovirineae suborder, includes, under the current official ICTV view (ICTV 2020), 2 subfamilies, 5 genera, 26 subgenera, and 46 species altogether. Both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 belong to the Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus species from the Sarbecovirus subgenus, genus Betacoronavirus, subfamily Orthocoronavirinae of the Coronaviridae family. The MERS-CoV belongs to the Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus species of another subgenus, namely Merbecovirus, within the same Betacoronavirus genus. Another well-studied representative of the coronaviruses, murine hepatitis virus (MHV), is a member of the Murine coronavirus species, belonging to the subgenus Embecovirus of the same Betacoronavirus genus.
Looking to the future: is a universal coronavirus vaccine feasible?
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Vipin M. Vashishtha, Puneet Kumar
Will there ever be one universal coronavirus vaccine? The answer to this question may be difficult right now considering marked variability in each coronavirus family. However, a stepwise approach is feasible: developing a vaccine for each coronavirus family – Sarbecovirus vaccine for SARS group of viruses, Embecovirus vaccine for human common cold CoVs, and Merbecovirus vaccine for MERS and related viruses. Yes, the task is not easy: decades of research on universal influenza vaccine reached to first phase-3 trial as late as in 2018 and that ended in failure (though many other trials are still ongoing). However, the lower rate of mutations in coronaviruses than influenza viruses, successful development of rapidly scalable (‘plug and play’) technology of vaccines in form of mRNA vaccines, and unforeseen interest of all stakeholders in the power of vaccines, do give us hope that we would be able to scale new height in near future.
Diagnosis of COVID-19: hemagglutinin-esterase gene is used for molecular assays?
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
In conclusion, since hemagglutinin-esterase gene exists in some members of beta-coronavirus genus (subgenus Embecovirus) such as OC43-CoV and HKU1-CoV, but according to scientific evidence, hemagglutinin-esterase gene cannot be used as a target for detection of SARS-COV-2 by molecular detection methods.