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Preemptive antifungal therapy: Do diagnostics help?
Published in Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, John R. Perfect, Antifungal Therapy, 2019
Vidya Jagadeesan, Margaret Powers-Fletcher, Kimberly E. Hanson
False-positive GM tests have also been reported in neutropenic patients with bacteremia [27,39]. However, when the bacterial isolates from these patients were tested directly, no reactivity with the GM EIA was seen [27,39]. Others have failed to confirm false-positive tests in bacteremic patients [37], which suggests that the false-positives may be related to antibiotic usage or another confounder. Only Bifidobacteria (except B. infantis and B. adolescentis) and Eggerthella lenta have been shown to possess reactivity with the GM EIA by virtue of cross-reactive lipoglycan epitopes in the cell wall [51]. Translocation of these organisms into the systemic circulation, therefore, remains a feasible explanation for false-positive tests in some patients.
Avarofloxacin, Nemonoxacin, and Zabofloxacin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Tony Allworth, M. Lindsay Grayson
Nemonoxacin has some activity against Clostridium difficile, with MIC90 values of 8 µg/ml (range: 0.25 to > 32 µg/ml), but isolates with reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin had variable nemonoxacin MICs, ranging from 0.5 to > 32 µg/ml (Liao et al., 2012). Lin et al. (2011) found similar results. Against Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, obligate anaerobic bacilli such as Eubacterium spp., Eggerthella spp., and Paraeggerthella spp., nemonoxacin displays variable activity, with MIC values of 0.12 to > 32 µg/ml, although all except one isolate were in the range of 0.12–2 µg/ml (Lee et al., 2012).
Vaginitis
Published in Linda Cardozo, Staskin David, Textbook of Female Urology and Urogynecology - Two-Volume Set, 2017
Type Infectious bActeriAl vAginosis CAndidA vulvovAginitis trichomoniAsis rAre bActeriAl Noninfectious Atrophic vAginitis ContAct vulvovAginitis ChemicAl irritAnt vAginitis Allergic vAginitis DesquAmAtive inflAmmAtory vAginitis (DIv) erosive lichen plAnus CollAgen vAsculAr diseAses (sLe) Pemphigus And pemphigoid syndromes Etiology Mixed GArdnerellA vAginAlis, AnAerobes (PrevotellA, PorphyromonAs, BActeroides, FusobActerium, Peptostreptococcus, Mobiluncus, MegAsphAerA, EggerthellA, LeptotrichiA, members of the ClostridiAles order), And genitAl mycoplAsmAs 90% CAndidA AlbicAns, 10% non-AlbicAns CAndidA species; rArely other fungi TrichomonAs vAginAlis Group A Streptococcus estrogen-deficient stAtes (postmenopAusAl, postpArtum, post-Antiestrogen therApy) ContAct dermAtitis (hypersensitivity) soAps, detergents, topicAl Antimycotics Allergens unknown (bActeriAl? immune mechAnism?) Immune mechAnisms vAsculitis Immune mechAnisms
Non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with Anti-PD1 immunotherapy show distinct microbial signatures and metabolic pathways according to progression-free survival and PD-L1 status
Published in OncoImmunology, 2023
David Dora, Balazs Ligeti, Tamas Kovacs, Peter Revisnyei, Gabriella Galffy, Edit Dulka, Dániel Krizsán, Regina Kalcsevszki, Zsolt Megyesfalvi, Balazs Dome, Glen J. Weiss, Zoltan Lohinai
Next, we aimed to reveal differentially abundant taxa according to the presence of ICI adverse events (toxicity) and medications are taken before IT, including antibiotics, antacids, and steroids. Treatment toxicity was associated with a slight decrease in the abundance of genera Absiella and Blautia (Figure 5A) and a pronounced increase in the abundance of Prevotella dentalis (Figure 5A). Antibiotic treatment affected multiple taxa, significantly decreasing the abundance of Anaerostipes, Christensenella, Longibaculum, Lachnospira, Anaerostipes Hadrus, and Erysipelothrichaceae bacterium GAM147 (Figure 5B). In contrast, Eggerthella (E) and E. lenta, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens were significantly overrepresented in patients with a history of antibiotic treatment (Figure 5B). Antacid medication was associated with a modest decrease in Synergistetes phylum (Figure 5C) and a marked increase in species Streptococcus (S) equinus, S. parasanguinis, and S. salivarius (Figure 5C), whose increased abundance was also detected in short PFS patients (Figure 3A). The phylum Proteobacteria and its prominent genus Escherichia (E) and species E. coli were significantly more abundant in steroid-treated patients, similarly to Longibaculum and Erysipelothrichaceae bacterium GAM147 (Figure 5D).
Environmental and intrinsic factors shaping gut microbiota composition and diversity and its relation to metabolic health in children and early adolescents: A population-based study
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Sofia Moran-Ramos, Blanca E. Lopez-Contreras, Ricardo Villarruel-Vazquez, Elvira Ocampo-Medina, Luis Macias-Kauffer, Jennifer N. Martinez-Medina, Hugo Villamil-Ramirez, Paola León-Mimila, Blanca E. Del Rio-Navarro, Isabel Ibarra-Gonzalez, Marcela Vela-Amieva, Francisco J Gomez-Perez, Rafael Velazquez-Cruz, Jorge Salmeron, Zyanya Reyes-Castillo, Carlos Aguilar-Salinas, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
The previous findings highlight that despite population and age-related differences in gut microbial determinants, there are consistent signatures associated with metabolic complications. In addition, novel significant associations were detected. Specifically, the presence as well as greater abundance of a low abundance taxon Eggerthella lenta was associated with lower serum TG levels. Although this taxon has been mainly studied through its effects on xenobiotics metabolism,64,65 animal models have shown that it is associated with hepatic lipid metabolism.66 Even though further studies are needed to test whether the abundance of Eggerthella lenta is causally related to lower hypertriglyceridemia, it has been hypothesized that this bacterium could have pleiotropic effects on host health through multiple mechanisms such as its ability to metabolize bile acids.67
Helicobacter pylori antibiotic eradication coupled with a chemically defined diet in INS-GAS mice triggers dysbiosis and vitamin K deficiency resulting in gastric hemorrhage
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Lisa Quinn, Alexander Sheh, Jessie L Ellis, Donald E Smith, Sarah L Booth, Xueyan Fu, Sureshkumar Muthupalani, Zhongming Ge, Dylan A Puglisi, Timothy C Wang, Tamas A Gonda, Hilda Holcombe, James G Fox
In our study, significant reductions in fecal MK5-6 were observed in antibiotic-treated groups, which experienced a 40% mortality rate due to gastric hemorrhage (Table 1, Figures 4(c) and 8(d)). As MK5-6 improves blood coagulation in hypoprothrombinemic rats,49 we hypothesize that gastric erosions induced by H. pylori infection led to uncontrolled bleeding due to reduced coagulation activity in antibiotic-treated mice consuming the AAD diet. Compensation with other MKn, notably MK11, had negligible effects on coagulation activity.49 Due to the magnitude of MK6 loss in our model, we examined changes in abundance of known MK6 producers, such as Helicobacter spp., E. coli and Eggerthella lenta (previously Eubacterium lentum).52,53H. pylori infection of the stomach did not alter fecal MK6 levels as uninfected controls and antibiotic-free, H. pylori-infected mice had similar MK6 levels (Figure 4(c,e)). As mice were housed in specific pathogen-free conditions, enteric Helicobacter spp. or Escherichia spp. were not detected in the fecal microbiome. Eggerthella, a known MK6 producer, was enriched in antibiotic-free mice compared to antibiotic-treated mice but was present in low abundance (<0.1%) (Tables S3 (Family Coriobacteriaceae) and S12). Further studies will be required to identify bacterial species contributing to MK6 production and its role in coagulopathy.