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Order Piccovirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The Piccovirales is an order of resilient, nonenveloped T = 1 icosahedral viruses, 21–22 nm in diameter, with the virion consisting of 60 copies of VP proteins and belonging, therefore, together with circoviruses (Chapter 10), to the smallest known viruses. The order Piccovirales currently involves the sole family Parvoviridae, 3 subfamilies, namely the two traditional Densovirinae and Parvovirinae and a newly established Hamaparvovirinae; 26 genera; and 126 species altogether and forms the class Quintoviricetes as a single member. As summarized by the official ICTV reports (Tijssen et al. 2012; Cotmore et al. 2019; Pénzes et al. 2020), the two historically initial subfamilies Parvovirinae and Densovirinae were distinguished primarily by the respective ability of their member viruses to infect vertebrates, including humans, versus invertebrates. The Hamaparvovirinae subfamily was split in 2019 from the Densovirinae subfamily that served as a specific melting pot for all invertebrate-infecting parvoviruses. Some order members cause diseases, which range from subclinical to lethal. A few, such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) of the genus Dependoparvovirus from the subfamily Parvovirinae, require coinfection with helper viruses from other families.
Human Bocavirus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
José Luiz Proença-Módena, Guilherme Paier Milanez, Eurico Arruda
HBoV is a member of the family Parvoviridae, which is divided into two subfamilies according to the primary host specificities. While the subfamily Densovirinae comprises invertebrate/arthropod-infecting viruses, the subfamily Parvovirinae covers agents that infect vertebrates. The subfamily Parvovirinae currently includes eight genera: Amdoparvovirus, Aveparvovirus, Bocaparvovirus, Copiparvovirus, Dependoparvovirus, Erythroparvovirus, Protoparvovirus, and Tetraparvovirus (Figure 8.1) [9].
The clinical use of parvovirus B19 assays: recent advances
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2018
Viruses adapted to the human host are found in the genera Dependoparvovirus (Adeno-Associated Viruses, AAV), Erythroparvovirus (B19V), Bocaparvovirus (HBoV1-4), Tetraparvovirus (PARV4). While AAV viruses are considered non-pathogenic and have been exploited as transduction viral vectors, the others possess a pathogenic potential that prompts for the development of diagnostic molecular testing in a clinical setting. B19V is a widely circulating virus implicated in a complex relationship with the host, and can be considered the most relevant human pathogenic virus in the family, posing the necessity of diagnostic awareness and appropriateness. The aim of this review is to present the more recent contributions to our knowledge on the course of virus infection, on its pathogenetic mechanisms, and on the appropriate molecular diagnostic methods.