China
Africa
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Social Distancing and Quarantine as COVID-19 Control Remedy
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Adeel Ahmad, Muhammad Hussaan, Fatima Batool, Sahar Mumtaz, Nagina Rehman, Samina Yaqoob, Humaira Kausar
The transmission of contagious disease can occur through an infected person in worksite, home, and other crowded places. Even if someone takes all the preventive measures to protect oneself from disease, he or she can still have risk to get sick. This situation may cause problems if someone contracts the disease. Hence, Isolation is a key precaution practice to prevent the transmission of contagious disease to others. Isolation can prevent hospital-acquired infections and response to emerging contagious disease threat globally [35].
The COVID-19 pandemic and development of drugs and vaccinations
Published in Edward M. Rafalski, Ross M. Mullner, Healthcare Analytics, 2022
Isolation separates sick people with a contagious disease from those who are not sick6. This is a great public health practice to protect the public by preventing exposure to people who have or may have a contagious disease. During isolation, it is recommended to (1) stay at home for 14 days after the last contact with a person suspected to be infected by COVID-19, (2) avoid contact during these 14 days with even the individuals within the same household, and (3) monitor for symptoms such as – fever/temperature, chills, body aches, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, etc.
Fractional SIR Epidemic Model of Childhood Disease with Mittag-Leffler Memory
Published in Devendra Kumar, Jagdev Singh, Fractional Calculus in Medical and Health Science, 2020
P. Veeresha, D. G. Prakasha, Devendra Kumar
An epidemic is the swift evolution of infectious disease in a given population to a huge number of people within a small period of time. In the eighteenth century, Swiss physicist and mathematician Bernoulli proposed and cultivated the concept of mathematical modelling for the evolution of disease [1], which provides the origin to the development of modern epidemiology. Later in the twentieth century, Ross et al. [2] established the modelling of infectious disease and elucidated the nature of epidemic models by the help of the law of mass action. Recently, epidemic models are widely applied to analyse the epidemiological processes that contain the contagious disease transmission.
The Association Between Social Network and Fear of COVID-19 Among Older Adults
Published in Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 2022
Matthew Schilz, Andrew Steward, Kaipeng Wang, M. Pilar Ingle, Carson M. De Fries, Leslie K. Hasche
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2021), COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that typically causes respiratory symptoms similar to a cold, flu, or pneumonia. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on 11 March 2020 (Cucinotta & Vanelli, 2020). While symptoms are often mild, some people experience severe illness, and COVID-19 has led to hundreds of thousands of deaths in the United States alone. Research indicates that older adults are more at-risk of contracting COVID-19 due to decreased immune response and other comorbidities (Banerjee 2020; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 2021), which may contribute to increased fear among this population (Girdhar et al., 2020). Fear of COVID-19 may be higher among the oldest age groups (Han et al., 2021) and women (Parlapani et al., 2020). Fear of COVID-19 is associated with increased transmission, morbidity, and mortality rates, in addition to psychosocial challenges (Ahorsu et al., 2020), which are similar to the impacts of other infectious diseases (Pappas et al., 2009).
Role of Nursing Home Quality on COVID-19 Cases and Deaths: Evidence from Florida Nursing Homes
Published in Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 2021
Xiaochuan Wang, Courtney Wilson, Khristen Holmes
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is swiftly spreading around the world. The United States is one of the hardest hit countries, with over 10 million of its population infected as of November 11, 2020 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020a). This novel disease has lethal impacts on many, while disproportionally affecting nursing home residents. Nursing home residents, largely consisting of older adults and people with severe underlying health conditions, are found to be particularly vulnerable to this disease (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2015; Daamen et al., 2015; Zarowitz & O’Shea, 2012). These populations have a higher risk of developing severe symptoms and serious outcomes (e.g., hospitalization, admission to ICU, death) if they contract the COVID-19 virus (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020b; Dosa et al., 2020). Preliminary data suggests that approximately one-fifth to two-fifths of all COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. occur in nursing homes or other long-term care facilities (Dobbs et al., 2020; The Kaiser Family Foundation, 2020b). This highly contagious disease poses significant risks to the 1.4 million individuals who reside or work in the over 15,000 nursing homes nationwide (The Kaiser Family Foundation, 2020a, 2020c, 2020d).
What are the recommendations for returning athletes who have experienced long term COVID-19 symptoms?
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Rosie K. Lindsay, Jason J. Wilson, Mike Trott, Olawale Olanrewaju, Mark A. Tully, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez, Jae Il Shin, Damiano Pizzol, Peter Allen, Laurie T. Butler, Yvonne Barnett, Lee Smith
The unprecedented rate at which COVID-19 has spread worldwide, as well as its scale of reach and the prolonged duration of the pandemic, was unexpected. This new, highly contagious disease moved rapidly across China and spread to more than 200 countries, infecting 233,503,524 people by October 2021 [1]. COVID-19 signs and symptoms can be classified in three stages. The first stage of COVID-19 infection is defined as ‘Acute COVID-19′ and refers to the initial signs and symptoms of COVID-19 which last for up to 4 weeks. ‘Ongoing symptomatic COVID-19′ is defined as signs and symptoms lasting 4–12 weeks, whilst “post-COVID-19 syndrome” is defined as signs and symptoms of COVID-19 infection that last longer than 12 weeks attributable to COVID-19 infection. “Long COVID” is used to describe “signs and symptoms that continue or develop after acute COVID-19, it includes both ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 and post‑COVID-19 syndrome” [2]. The most commonly reported symptoms of long COVID are: fatigue, breathlessness, muscle soreness, chest pain, difficulty concentrating, anxiety, and depression [3]. To date, the vast majority of studies have focussed on acute COVID-19 with few focussing on long COVID [4].