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Infectious Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Susanna J. Dunachie, Hanif Esmail, Ruth Corrigan, Maria Dudareva
The UK does not yet have chickenpox vaccination in the routine immunization schedule due to concerns about its cost-effectiveness and prioritizing improving immunization uptake rates for existing vaccines in a society with a degree of vaccine scepticism. The chickenpox vaccine is given for non-immune healthcare workers and non-immune contacts of immunocompromised people, and it is also available on private prescription.
Missing Links
Published in Michael Fitzpatrick, Mmr And Autism, 2004
The suggestion that giving three vaccines simultaneously is too much for the infantile immune system was investigated by the US vaccine specialist Paul Offit and colleagues (Offit et al 2002). The researchers point out that, although we give infants more vaccines today than in the past, the higher quality of the vaccines means that the number of antigens they receive has declined. For example, the old smallpox vaccine, which was used until smallpox was eradicated in the 1970s, contained 200 proteins. Now the 11 vaccines routinely administered in the USA contain fewer than 130 proteins (and more than half of these are in the chickenpox vaccine that has yet to be introduced in Britain). They also calculate that the infant immune system has the theoretical capacity to respond to ‘about 10,000 vaccines at any one time’. Put another way, they reckon that, if all 11 vaccines were given at the same time, ‘then about 0.1% of the immune system would be “used up’” (Offit et al 2002:126). They insist that ‘young infants have an enormous capacity to respond to multiple vaccines, as well as to the many other challenges present in the environment’.
Encouraging Vaccination Ethically: How Can Pox Parties for Grannies and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Be Avoided?
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2020
To move onto the second section of Malm and Navin’s article, parental, professional, and institutional responsibilities are considered. It is unclear that physicians are not recommending the chickenpox vaccine, as a physician would likely provide information about the vaccine and not actively discourage it. The recommendation has been for patients at risk (e.g., in the UK and Sweden), and so physicians are accustomed to recommending the vaccine for certain groups and would also be able to provide further information for those who enquire about the vaccine. Again, the characterization of discouragement could be unpicked and made more precise. Whether a health intervention is recommended or funded is not the same as discouragement. Such a situation could be neutral with the vaccination not actively encouraged nor incentivised but there appears to be little argument that it is actively discouraged.
Effectiveness, immunogenicity and safety of one vs. two-dose varicella vaccination：a meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2018
Mingjuan Yin, Xiaojia Xu, Yaping Liang, Jindong Ni
We searched for reports published between 1995 (year the varicella vaccine was first recommended for routine vaccination) and June 2017 in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WANFANG Data databases. We used the following search terms: ‘varicella,’ ‘chickenpox,’ ‘vaccine,’ ‘vaccination,’ ‘immunogenicity,’ ‘antibody response,’ ‘GMT,’ ’ ‘seroconversion,’ ‘safety,’ ‘reactogenicity,’ ‘outbreak,’ ‘effectiveness,’ and ‘efficacy.’ Publications were limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case–control studies, and self-control studies that compared 2-dose and 1-dose varicella vaccination strategies among healthy children. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA protocol [21].