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Cystic fibrosis infection and biofilm busters
Published in Anthony J. Hickey, Heidi M. Mansour, Inhalation Aerosols, 2019
Jennifer Fiegel, Sachin Gharse
The presence of several organisms has been associated with deterioration of lung function. Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of gram-negative bacterial strains that are often highly resistant to antibiotics. Infections with Bcc have been associated with high fever, severe necrotizing pneumonia (also known as Cepacia syndrome), rapid decline in lung function, and death (8,17–19). Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an opportunistic human pathogen associated with a number of infections in individuals with weak immune system or with underlying diseases. The role of this organism with pathogenicity in CF is unclear, with only one study linking chronic infection of CF lungs by A. xylosoxidans to reduced lung function (13,20).
Burkholderia
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Danielle L. Peters, Jaclyn G. McCutcheon, Karlene H. Lynch, Jonathan J. Dennis
The genus Burkholderia covers a diverse group of gram-negative β-proteobacteria, with at least 60 recognized or proposed species. Research to date has mostly focused on the pathogenicity of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei. The Bcc includes more than 20 species that cause serious infections in plants, animals, and humans.1–3 However, these organisms can also be beneficial toward humans and crops as they fix nitrogen, produce antibiotics and antifungals, and degrade organic compounds.4–6B. pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a disease with a variety of symptoms,7 while B. mallei causes glanders, an infection of horses that is rarely transmitted to humans.8
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex (BCC) in Cystic Fibrosis
Published in Meera Chand, John Holton, Case Studies in Infection Control, 2018
Elizabeth Sheridan, Dervla Kenna, Jane Turton, Emma Lake
The Cystic Fibrosis Trust (http://Cysticfibrosis.org.uk) publishes useful guidelines such as those listed below. The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Sept 2004) Suggestions for Prevention and Infection Control, 2nd ed. The UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust Infection Control Group.Antibiotic Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis, 3rd ed (May 2009) Report of the UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust Antibiotic Working Group.Laboratory standards for processing microbiological samples from people with cystic fibrosis (Sept 2010) Report of the UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust Microbiology Laboratory Standards Working Group. Cystic Fibrosis Trust.CF Trust, CF Today (summer 2006 ed) (www.cysticfibrosis.org.uk/media/82745/CF_Today_Summer_06.pdf).CF Trust, Melioidosis and tropical travel advice: (https://www.cysticfibrosis.org.uk/~/media/documents/life-with-cf/publications/factsheets/factsheet-melioidosis.ashx).
Antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity of curcumin-chitosan nanocomplexes and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on Achromobacter, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas isolates
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Edeer Iván Montoya-Hinojosa, Humberto Antonio Salazar-Sesatty, Cynthia A. Alvizo-Baez, Luis D. Terrazas-Armendariz, Itza E. Luna-Cruz, Juan M. Alcocer-González, Licet Villarreal-Treviño, Samantha Flores-Treviño
Non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are increasing the cases of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) [1]. Infrequent species such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia complex (which includes Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia contaminans), and Achromobacter xylosoxidans are emerging as important opportunistic pathogens, particularly in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients, or with cystic fibrosis [2–5]. All three microorganisms can cause nosocomial respiratory and bloodstream infections [2,5], often with high morbidity and mortality. Current treatment of infections caused by these pathogens involves the administration of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SXT) as the primary drug of choice [6,7]. However, these microorganisms are frequently drug-resistant [3,6,7].
Ivacaftor for the treatment of cystic fibrosis in children under six years of age
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Brianna C. Aoyama, Peter J. Mogayzel
Another recent study investigated the changes in respiratory microbiology associated with real-world long-term use of ivacaftor [16]. The retrospective cohort study analyzed data obtained between 2011 and 2016 from the UK CF registry of individuals over the age of 6 years with at least one G551D CFTR mutation who started ivacaftor treatment in 2013, were still on treatment in 2016, and had complete microbiology data, which was defined as known status, positive or negative, for each pathogen of interest for each year of the study. Pathogens of interest included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus spp, and the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) as these are commonly seen in people with CF, impart a significant treatment burden given the long duration of antibiotics required for treatment, and have implications for antimicrobial resistance. Secondary outcomes included time to infection with P. aeruginosa in patients not previously infected or time to clearance in patients with known infection.
Physical activity measurement accuracy in advanced chronic lung disease
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2018
Satvir S. Dhillon, Robert D. Levy, Pearce G. Wilcox, Jordan A. Guenette, Bradley S. Quon, Christopher J. Ryerson, Pat G. Camp
We included adult participants (between 35 and 65 years) with clinically diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or interstitial lung disease, and adult participants (19 years and older) with clinically diagnosed cystic fibrosis based on assessment by our study physicians. All participants were judged by our study physicians to have advanced pulmonary disease severity based on previous clinical spirometry and single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide test results performed within six months of recruitment. Participants also had to be clinically stable (no increase in respiratory symptoms requiring hospital stay and no change in usual medications for four weeks prior to recruitment and between study days) and medically cleared for cardiopulmonary exercise testing by our study physicians. Patients with previously transplanted organs or who have been referred for heart-lung (combined) transplant assessment were excluded. Patients requiring mobility aids to ambulate or supplemental oxygen during exercise were excluded. Patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis who were colonized with Burkholderia cepacia complex, Myobacterium abscessus, and/or Burkholderia dolosa and closely related organisms (Apista, Ralstonia) were excluded for infection prevention and control reasons. Patients judged by our study physicians as having poor adherence to medications, uncontrolled diabetes, profound emaciation (body mass index < 16), or indices of pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure > 25 mmHg from right heart catheterization test; systolic pulmonary artery pressure > 35 mmHg from echocardiography test) were excluded.