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Envisioning Utilization of Super Grains for Healthcare
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Hemp seed drinks exhibit high amounts of butyrate, propionate, and acetate, which improve the growth of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lb. planatarum, and Lb. fermentum. Also, the bacterial pathogens are inhibited due to the hydrocarbons such as terpenes [130]. Sourdough fermentation can be employed to improve the organoleptic quality of bread from pearl millet flour to achieve a highly nutritional product in more palatable form [125]. Millets exhibit high prebiotic properties and thus, can be used to prepare symbiotic products. Fermentation with lactic acid bacteria to produce lassi from pearl millet is a viable and economically feasible product [180].
Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Where the other groupings of nutraceuticals involve molecules or elements, probiotics involve intact microorganisms. This group largely includes bacteria, and its criteria are that a microbe must be resistant to: Acid conditions of the stomach, bile, and digestive enzymes normally found in the human gastrointestinal tract; able to colonize the human intestine; be safe for human consumption; and, lastly, have scientifically proven efficacy. Among the bacterial species recognized as having functional food potential are Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. infantis, and Streptococcus salvarius subspecies thermophilus. Some yeasts have been noted as well, including Saccharomyces boulardii.
Dermatology
Published in Hilary McClafferty, Integrative Pediatrics, 2017
Although no specific guidelines exist, accruing evidence supports the use of probiotics in prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis (Kalliomaki et al. 2001). For example, a randomized controlled trial by Lin et al. in 40 infants with eczema who received 4 weeks of treatment with Bifidobacterium bifidum showed a statistically significant correlation between levels of the B. bifidum in the infant’s stools and reduction in severity of disease (p < 0.05) (Lin, Qiu et al. 2015).
A decrease in functional microbiomes represented as Faecalibacterium affects immune homeostasis in long-term stable liver transplant patients
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Soon Kyu Lee, JooYeon Jhun, Seung Yoon Lee, Sukjung Choi, Sun Shim Choi, Myeong Soo Park, Seon-Young Lee, Keun-Hyung Cho, A Ram Lee, Joseph Ahn, Ho Joong Choi, Young Kyoung You, Pil Soo Sung, Jeong Won Jang, Si Hyun Bae, Seung Kew Yoon, Mi-La Cho, Jong Young Choi
Considering the significant difference in the abundance of bacteria and immunological imbalance in the long-term post-LT patients, we next tried to identify the functional microbiomes affecting immune homeostasis in these patients. As shown in Figure 2d and Figure 3a, the Faecalibacterium genus and its species, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , was significantly decreased (P = .025 and P = .0032, respectively). The Bacteroides genus was increased (P = .0008) in the long-term post-LT patients than in healthy controls, which were the most decreased and increased abundance of bacteria in the long-term post-LT patients, respectively. The Bifidobacterium genus and its species, Bifidobacterium longum , and Bifidobacterium bifidum , were marginally decreased in the long-term post-LT patients (Figure 3a and Supplementary Figure 1A). Moreover, the Akkermansia genus and its species, Akkermansia muciniphila , were considerably decreased and nearly undetectable in the long-term post-LT patients (Figure 3a and Supplementary Figure 1A).
The clinical evidence for postbiotics as microbial therapeutics
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Alexis Mosca, Ana Teresa Abreu Y Abreu, Kok Ann Gwee, Gianluca Ianiro, Jan Tack, Thi Viet Ha Nguyen, Colin Hill
Chronic diarrhea is commonly caused by chronic functional diarrhea and chronic parasitic and bacterial infections in developing countries45 while in developed countries, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common cause affecting up to 15% of adults.46,47 Treatment often includes antibiotics and antimotility drugs, but they can be ineffective and cause adverse effects. Postbiotics could be a possible alternative. A recent randomized-controlled study showed that heat-treated Lactobacillus LB significantly improved chronic diarrhea and clinical symptoms compared with live lactobacilli (p < 0.05).48 Non-viable Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 has been found to substantially alleviate IBS and its symptoms compared with the placebo (p = 0 · 0007).49 Similarly, inactivated Lactobacillus LB plus fermented culture medium significantly decreased the number of weekly stools (p < 0.0001) and improved abdominal pain, bloating and quality of life in patients with IBS (p < 0.0001).50
Gut metagenomic characteristics of ADHD reveal low Bacteroides ovatus-associated host cognitive impairment
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Yan Li, Haiting Sun, Yufen Huang, Anqi Yin, Linjuan Zhang, Jiao Han, Yixuan Lyu, Xiangzhao Xu, Yifang Zhai, Huan Sun, Ping Wang, Jinyang Zhao, Silong Sun, Hailong Dong, Feng Zhu, Qiang Wang, Luis Augusto Rohde, Xuefeng Xie, Xin Sun, Lize Xiong
Notably, the bacterial taxa that are reported to be distinct between patients with ADHD and HCs were highly inconsistent in previous studies.21–26,48 The results indicating that certain bacterial taxa were altered in one cohort may never be replicated, or opposite trends in abundance may be observed in another cohort. This discrepancy might reflect differences in the size of the cohort and the age, sex, region, diet, medication use, early life environment, maternal health, and cesarean delivery status of the subjects, since all these factors could affect gut microbial composition. Here, we found underrepresentation of 8 species (ovatus, fragilis, thetaiotaomicron, intestinalis, cellulosilyticus, salyersiae, fluxus, and nordii) belonging to the genus Bacteroides in the total ADHD patient cohort. Members of the genus Bacteroides are usually beneficial for gut function and are correlated with neurodevelopment.49,50 In addition, species in Bifidobacterium (breve and bifidum) and Prevotella (amnii, buccae and copri) were more abundant in the total ADHD patient cohort than in the HCs. Although we did not find considerable overlap with the previously reported microbial signature of ADHD, the increased abundance of Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum agreed with the results of a Dutch cohort study.21