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Nutritional requirements
Published in Judy More, Infant, Child and Adolescent Nutrition, 2021
Probiotics are bacteria in food that colonise the intestine and provide health benefits. Beneficial bacteria in the intestine help the intestine to function optimally and may help to prevent diarrhoea in children. Examples of beneficial bacteria are bifidobacteria and lactobacilli that are found in live yogurt. Fermented foods provide a wider variety of probiotic strains than supplements which only provide a few different strains.
B-Group Vitamin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria
Published in Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Raquel Bedani, Lactic Acid Bacteria, 2020
Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, María del Milagro Teran, Luiz Henrique Groto Garutti, Ana Clara Candelaria Cucik, Susana Marta Isay Saad, Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco, Jean Guy LeBlanc
Bifidobacteria are one of the predominant intestinal microorganisms in human beings and the importance of using these microorganisms as dietary supplements is described for different age groups of humans. These microorganisms were reported to be capable of synthesizing and liberating many kinds of B-vitamins (Rasic and Kurmann 1983). However, Deguchi et al. (1985) found that the concentrations of vitamins accumulated by bifidobacteria in the culture media, especially thiamine, varied widely among different species or strains. Furthermore, feedback repression or inhibition in bacteria may also affect the synthesis. According to Hou et al. (2000), thiamine content (examined through HPLC method) was increased in soymilk fermented for 48 h with two bifidobacteria, B. longum B6 and B. infantis CCRC 14633, separately.
Bacteriophage Involvement in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
However, further analysis revealed that only some of these bacteria were correlated with Alzheimer’s severity. The increased abundance of Bacteroides and Blautia, along with a greater amyloid burden in the brain, were positively correlated with disease severity. Conversely, a negative correlation was revealed for bacteria that were less abundant in Alzheimer’s, such as Turicibacter, SMB53, and Dialister, and a more difficult Alzheimer’s pathology. One thing that particularly attracted our attention was the decrease of the Bifidobacterium genus, whose actions are associated with an altered immune response, chronic inflammation, and impaired intestinal permeability.61
Lactobacillus johnsonii alleviates colitis by TLR1/2-STAT3 mediated CD206+ macrophagesIL-10 activation
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Ding-Jia-Cheng Jia, Qi-Wen Wang, Ying-Ying Hu, Jia-Min He, Qi-Wei Ge, Ya-Dong Qi, Lu-Yi Chen, Ying Zhang, Li-Na Fan, Yi-Feng Lin, Yong Sun, Yao Jiang, Lan Wang, Yan-Fei Fang, Hui-Qin He, Xiong-E Pi, Wei Liu, Shu-Jie Chen, Liang-Jing Wang
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation of the rectum and colon.1,2 Both adaptive and innate immunity are considered to be involved in this chronic inflammation process.3 Gut microbiota played vital roles in the occurrence and development of IBD.4,5Proteus mirabilis as a key bacterium for Crohn’s disease could trigger inflammatory responses.6 Extracellular vesicles of Fusobacterium nucleatum compromise intestinal barrier in UC through targeting RIPK1-mediated cell death pathway.7 Gut microbiota had been discovered with the deepening of sequencing technology, while the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are two recognized genera of probiotics.8,9 We have previously reported the anti-inflammatory effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in UC.10Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii) is classified in the genus Lactobacillus. Study has shown that L. johnsonii as a potential beneficial bacteria could improve memory impairment through the brain-gut axis11 and regulate metabolic-related diseases.12,13
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Sepsis Associated with Probiotic Therapy in a Term Infant with Congenital Heart Disease
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Seda Aydoğan, Dilek Dilli, Ahmet Özyazici, Nesibe Aydin, Hüsniye Şimşek, Utku Arman Orun, Ömer Nuri Aksoy
The popularity of probiotics has been increasing in recent years and the frequency of use is increasing at the same rate. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species are generally used in probiotics. In neonatal period, the use of probiotics was found to be effective in preventing the frequency of NEC and late-onset sepsis especially in preterm infants [9]. There is no consensus regarding the dose of probiotic to be used. In the literature, the dose of microorganisms given to patients with probiotic-related sepsis varies between 3-10 × 109 CFU/day [10]. In our case, 1 × 109 CFU/day Lactobacillus rhamnosus was given for 12 days and then Lactobacillus sepsis developed. It is significant that the dose in our case was quite low compared to the literature. Even at this low dose, probiotic-related sepsis developed.
Effectiveness and safety of Bifidobacterium in preventing dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
Siyuan Hao, Jiahe Wang, Yan Wang
The characteristics of all the included studies are presented in Table 2. The sample size ranged from 30 to 104 participants. All the studies reported the mean age or age range of the participants, ranging from 0 to 25 years. The intervention duration varied from 10 days to 14.9 months, among which two weeks was the most commonly used intervention time. Seven out of ten studies enrolled healthy participants at baseline, while two studies included orthodontic patients, and one study recruited subjects having initial dental caries. The vehicles used for probiotics comprised yogurt, ice cream, curd, and slow-release pacifier or tablets. Dosage of Bifidobacterium taken per day varied from 6 × 107 to 1.1 × 1012 CFU. Outcome measures included: (1) Occurrence of deciduous tooth caries; (2) Streptococcus mutans count in saliva; (3) Streptococcus mutans counts in dental plaque; (4) Lactobacillus counts in saliva; (5) Lactobacillus counts in dental plaque; (6) Adverse events.