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The Uterine Microbiota
Published in Carlos Simón, Carmen Rubio, Handbook of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Jonah Bardos, Carlos Simón, Inmaculada Moreno
Studies have found that different gynecological conditions are associated with different microbiota. Infertility has been associated with increased abundance of Atopobium, Pelomonas, and Sneathia, among many other genera.58 Chronic endometritis (CE) is typically defined as a chronic inflammation of the uterine lining and is associated with the presence of plasma cells following endometrial biopsy.59,60 Multiple studies have suggested that chronic endometritis is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss.61,62Numerous microbes have been found in patients with CE, including Neisseria gonorrhea, Gardnerella vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Enterococcus faecalis and non-microbial causes such as retained tissue. Additionally, endometriosis has been hypothesized to alter the endometrium through increased inflammation and progesterone resistance which can affect implantation, increase the risk of miscarriage, and result in poor pregnancy outcomes, including pregnancy-induced hypertension and preterm birth.63 It would appear that, regardless of the cause, increased inflammation at the endometrial level may affect implantation and pregnancy outcomes.
Cell-Cell Communication in Lactic Acid Bacteria
Published in Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Raquel Bedani, Lactic Acid Bacteria, 2020
Emília Maria França Lima, Beatriz Ximena Valencia Quecán, Luciana Rodrigues da Cunha, Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco, Uelinton Manoel Pinto
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a diverse group of bacteria, yet with similar properties and all produce lactic acid as an end product of the fermentation process (Ferreira 2012). Taxonomically, the species are found in the phylum Firmicutes, Class Bacilli and order Lactobacillales, and include the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Tetragenococcus, Aerococcus, Carnobacterium, Vagococcus and Weissella (De Angelis et al. 2007, Reddy et al. 2008) which are all low guanine-cytosine (GC) content organisms (< 50%). However, some authors also consider Atopobium and Bifidobacterium genera, from the Actinobacteria phylum, as belonging to the LAB group for sharing some similar characteristics (Ferreira 2012, Wedajo 2015), despite the higher GC content.
Microbiome and pregnancy complications
Published in Moshe Hod, Vincenzo Berghella, Mary E. D'Alton, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Eduard Gratacós, Vassilios Fanos, New Technologies and Perinatal Medicine, 2019
Maria Carmen Collado, Omry Koren
Recent reviews have highlighted the link between commensal bacteria in the uterus, fertility, and pregnancy complications (31,32). There is increasing evidence of dysbiosis occurring in the vaginal microbiome during pregnancy, as well as an increased risk of preterm birth (33), with such disturbances occurring as early as during the first trimester (34). It has been further demonstrated that women whose medical history includes repeated urinary tract infections exhibit an increased risk of preterm birth. Differences in the vaginal microbiota in terms of its composition, stability, and diversity have been observed between full-term deliveries and preterm deliveries (2). Bacterial communities characterized by lower Lactobacillus spp. and high levels of other bacteria including Atopobium, Gardnerella, Ureaplasma, as well as Candida albicans, are correlated with preterm birth (33,35–37). It has been reported that increased presence of L. iners during pregnancy is associated with preterm deliveries, whereas the dominance of L. crispatus has been identified as protective.
Changes in the oral and nasal microbiota in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Xiaoman Zhang, Xinyi Li, Huajun Xu, Zhihui Fu, Fan Wang, Weijun Huang, Kejia Wu, Chenyang Li, Yupu Liu, Jianyin Zou, Huaming Zhu, Hongliang Yi, Su Kaiming, Meizhen Gu, Jian Guan, Shankai Yin
Atopobium is featured by anaerobe, and few studies has investigated the effects of Atopobium on the upper respiratory tract diseases. Atopobium has been proven to be associated with periodontitis [67,68]. However, there is still controversy indicating no significant association between Atopobium and periodontitis [69]. In addition, studies have shown that Atopobium is enriched in oral samples from patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and pancreatic cancer [70,71]. In a prospective study of non-smoking women, oral Atopobium was positively correlated with cancer risk [72]. Compared with healthy subjects, the genus Atopobium was increased in oral tissues of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and functional prediction analysis revealed enrichment of pro-inflammatory bacterial attributes including LPS biosynthetic pathway [73]. In our study, Atopobium at the adenoid site was observed to be negatively correlated with the mean SaO2, which corresponded to its anaerobic attribute. Due to the lack of research on Atopobium, the relationship between ectopic colonization of Atopobium and adenoid hypertrophy is not clear.
Comparison of microbial profiles and viral status along the vagina-cervix-endometrium continuum of infertile patients
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2023
Mark Jain, Elena Mladova, Anna Dobychina, Karina Kirillova, Anna Shichanina, Daniil Anokhin, Liya Scherbakova, Larisa Samokhodskaya, Olga Panina
A comparison of the detection rates of each analyzed group or species of microorganisms and viruses is presented in Figure 2. Such pathogenic agents as Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Herpes simplex virus 2 were completely absent in all samples. Moreover, among 31 analyzed taxa 14 were detected in none of the studied samples. Therefore, only the remaining 17 taxa were subjected to further analysis. Paired cervical and vaginal samples differed significantly in the detection rates of 8/17 microorganisms (p < 0.05). At the same time, endometrium exhibited a quite distinct microbiological profile, being different (negatively) in the detection rates of 14/17 taxa (p < 0.05), except Candida spp. in which case significant differences were observed only compared to vaginal samples. Due to the generally lower microbiological diversity of the uterus, the detection of a certain taxon in the endometrium, but not in the lower parts of the reproductive tract, is of particular interest. In total, there were six cases fitting the above description: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – 3 patients; Candida spp. – 1 patient; CMV + Candida spp. – 1 patient, Atopobium vaginae – 1 patient.
Derangements of vaginal and cervical canal microbiota determined with real-time PCR in women with recurrent miscarriages
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Canan Soyer Caliskan, Nazan Yurtcu, Samettin Celik, Ozlem Sezer, Suleyman Sirri Kilic, Ali Cetin
Table 2 includes the state of Enterobacterium spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Sneathia spp./Leptotrihia spp./Fusobacterium spp., Megasphaera spp./Veilonella spp./Dialister spp., Lachnobacterium spp./Clostridium spp., Mobiluncus spp./Corynebacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., and Atopobium vaginae in vaginal and cervical specimens obtained from healthy women and women with RM. Analyses of data regarding facultative anaerobic microorganisms related to AV revealed the following: (1) The rate of 1–10 and 10–100% total microorganisms detected (TMD) of Enterobacterium spp. in the vaginal and cervical specimens were significantly higher in women with RM compared with healthy women (76 vs. 28 and 72 vs. 28%, respectively; p < .05). (2) The rates of 1–10 and 10–100% TMD of Streptococcus spp. in the vaginal and cervical specimens obtained from healthy women and women with RM were found to be similar (Streptococcus spp.: 4 vs. 4 and 4 vs. 8%, respectively; p > .05). (3) The rates of 1–10 and 10–100% TMD of Staphylococcus spp. in the cervical specimens were significantly higher in women with RM compared with healthy women (20 vs. 12%; p < .05). However, the rates of 1–10 and 10–100% TMD of Staphylococcus spp. in the vaginal specimens obtained from healthy women and women with RM were found to be similar (0 vs. 0%, respectively; p > .05).