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Mite allergens
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Enrique Fernández-Caldas, Leonardo Puerta, Luis Caraballo, Victor Iraola, Richard F. Lockey
Several excretory/secretory (ES) and somatic Anisakis allergens have been cloned and characterized [213]. Among these, Ani s 1 (21 kDa) and Ani s 7 (139 kDa) are probably the most important ES major allergens described, as they are recognized by 85% and 100% of infected patients, respectively. Ani s 2 (paramyosin) [214] and Ani s 3 (tropomyosin) are somatic A. simplex allergens that cross-react with other common allergens. Ani s 7 is the most important ES Anisakis simplex allergen, as it is the only one recognized by 100% of infected patients. A fragment of recombinant Ani s 7 is a useful target for differentiating immunoglobulin E antibodies induced by true Anisakis infections from those induced by other antigens that may cross-react with Anisakis allergens [215,216].
Gastrointestinal and liver infections
Published in Michael JG Farthing, Anne B Ballinger, Drug Therapy for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 2019
Chapter 2. The parasite Anisakis simplex, which is transmitted by the ingestion of raw or inadequately cooked fish is particularly common in Japan, Holland and California. The symptoms of acute pain, nausea and vomiting are produced by inflammation of the gastric mucosa owing to direct invasion by the parasite.
Pseudoterranova
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
The family Anisakidae covers a closely related group of marine nematodes (round worms) that are organized into eight genera (i.e., Anisakis, Contracaecum, Ophidascaris, Phocascaris, Pseudanisakis, Pseudoterranova, Sulcascaris, and Terranova). These nematodes share a similar life cycle involving invertebrates (crustaceans and mollusks) as intermediate host, fish as paratenic/transport host, and marine mammals as final host, although their preferred final hosts are somewhat different (e.g., cetaceans [whales, dolphins] for Anisakis, pinnipeds [seals, sea lions, and walruses] for Pseudoterranova, and birds for Contracaecum) (Table 81.1). As an accidental, nonpermissive host, humans may acquire Anisakidae infection (anisakidosis) through ingestion of raw or inadequately cooked fish containing the third-stage (L3) larvae (typically of Anisakis simplex, Pseudoterranova decipiens, and Contracaecum osculatum), with symptoms ranging from abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, to allergic reactions [1]. As the second most common cause of human infection by a marine nematode (after A. simplex, see Chapter 77 in this volume), P. decipiens frequently occurs in fisheries from North America, Japan, Korea, and Chile as well as Iceland, but rarely from Greenland, Faroe Bank, and the Arctic sea of Norway. Given their relatively large size, P. decipiens larvae are easily visible on fish fillets, and represent a major cause of product condemnation in areas of high endemicity.
Allergic myocardial infarction: Type I Kounis syndrome following blue crab consumption
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2019
Volkan Dogan, Oğuzhan Çelik, Bülent Özlek, Eda Özlek, Cem Çil, Özcan Başaran, Murat Biteker
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of Kounis syndrome following the ingestion of blue crab. Kounis syndrome has three variants: type 1 – coronary spasm; type 2 – coronary thrombosis; type IIIa: stent thrombosis due to allergy; and type IIIb: stent restenosis due to allergy [5]. Two specific diseases that are associated with Kounis syndrome, Anisakiasis and Scombroid syndromes have been described in the literature [6–9]. Scombroid syndrome or histamine fish poisoning is a histamine toxicity condition resulting from the consumption of spoiled fish. Scombroid syndrome cases have been encountered usually in the Mediterranean territory due to the existence of several fish species [6,7]. Anisakiasis is another condition associated with ingesting raw or undercooked fish or seafood infested with Anisakis simplex that is a common nematode parasitizing in fish that secretes allergenic substances [8,9].
Possible Allergenic Role of Tropomyosin in Patients with Adverse Reactions after Fish Intake
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2018
Juan González-Fernández, Marina Alguacil-Guillén, Carmen Cuéllar, Alvaro Daschner
The following fish species were selected because individual patients referred adverse reactions after eating at least two of them. We then decided to test these fish species as a whole also to the other included patients even if they did not had contact with them or did not have adverse reaction to them: raw muscle of Merluccius merluccius (European hake), Dicentrarchus labrax (European seabass), Lophius piscatorius (monkfish), Gadus morhua (Atlantic cod), Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (megrim), Xiphias gladius (swordfish), Thunnus alalunga (albacore), Engraulis encrasicolus (European anchovy), and Anisakis simplex sensu lato third stage larvae. They were homogenized in Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) [NaH2PO4 · 2H2O, 2.2 mM; Na2HPO4 · 12H2O, 7.3 mM; NaCl, 146 mM] and sonicated six times for 10 s to break the cell membranes releasing the proteins. The homogenate was extracted in PBS at 4°C overnight and subsequently delipidized with n-hexane. After centrifugation at 6700 g at 4°C, the supernatant was dialyzed overnight in PBS at 4°C (Medicell Intl. Ltd., London, UK). The protein content was quantified by the Bradford protein assay (BioRad, München, Germany).