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Social Distancing and Quarantine as COVID-19 Control Remedy
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Adeel Ahmad, Muhammad Hussaan, Fatima Batool, Sahar Mumtaz, Nagina Rehman, Samina Yaqoob, Humaira Kausar
Airborne transmission is another possible source of COVID-19 transmission but this mode of transfusion is different from the previous one as it deals with the existence of microbes present inside the droplet nuclei that are about less than 5 µm in diameter and these particles can stay stable in air and later on can be transferred to others for a distance of about 1 m or greater than that. Moreover, in the context of COVID-19, it is reported that airborne transmission done under a specific environmental condition like those procedures which produce aerosols, i.e., open suctioning, bronchoscopy, endotracheal intubation, nebulization, disconnecting ventilator, manual ventilation before intubation, cardiopulmonary restoration, and tracheostomy, etc. However, there are some evidences regarding the transfusion of COVID-19 into intestine and feces, but very less data is available. Only one case study has erudite the presence of COVID-19 in stool specimens [66].
Bacteria
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
The respiratory tract also provides a convenient portal of entry for many pathogens. The opportunity for infection is great, as 10,000 liters of air are inhaled by a human each day. Some of the infections remain localized within the respiratory tract, while others may disseminate to adjoining tissues or even disseminate throughout the body becoming systemic infections. Airborne transmission of bacterial pathogens occurs when microscopic droplets containing bacteria are transferred between individuals. A few airborne infections such as Legionnaires′ disease are a result of infection with bacteria from the environment; more commonly the organisms are derived from exhalations by infected individuals.
Wi-Fi-Based Proximity Social Distancing Alert to Fight Against COVID-19
Published in Ram Shringar Raw, Vishal Jain, Sanjoy Das, Meenakshi Sharma, Pandemic Detection and Analysis Through Smart Computing Technologies, 2022
Mayuri Diwakar Kulkarni, Khalid Alfatmi
There are little shreds of evidence of airborne transmission of SAR-CoV-2 is also available. This airborne transmission may get reported in indoor environments. It has a short range of transmission due to small droplets present in the air. These cases of transmission are reported at Washington, Guangzhou, and Huan. In Guangzhou, China reported 10 cases in January 2020 [5].
Promoting COVID-19 prevention strategies in student dormitory setting: A qualitative study
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Perigrinus Hermin Sebong, Cynthia Tjitradinata, Roberta E. Goldman
The feeling of discomfort when wearing masks for a long time and forgetting to bring out a mask are important reasons that dormitory residents sometimes remove their masks when doing activities in common rooms such as in the kitchen, and study room. This finding is consistent with Sim et al.43 that found the cause of people not wearing masks is the perception of barriers such as discomfort, forgetfulness, inconvenience, and difficulty with respiration. Interestingly, our research findings show that female students perceive that the risk of getting infected with COVID-19 is greater when they go to crowded public places where social distancing is impossible, such as traditional markets and mass transportation where people spend prolonged periods of time. Recent studies have shown that short-range airborne transmission dominates exposure during close contact.44 This confirms that the risk of COVID-19 transmission in dormitories is higher than it is in public locations because people are in the same building for a long time, the ventilation system is poor, and interactions (such as laughing, talking and gathering) cannot be avoided.45
Prevention of submicron aerosolized particle dispersion: evaluation of an aerosol box using a pediatric simulation model
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2022
Laurence Tabone, Dominic Rivest, Arielle Levy, Michael Buyck, Philippe Jouvet, Carl-Eric Aubin, Tine François, Etienne Robert, Florent Baudin
Two modes of transmission are commonly used to describe the air-mediated transmission of pathogens: contact (droplet) transmission and airborne transmission.1 Contact transmission occurs directly when respiratory particles larger than 5 to 10 microns reach the mucous membranes of the contact subject. Airborne transmission (AT) refers to aerosolized particles (AP) or droplet nuclei, defined by size less than 10 microns, emitted by an infected individual’s exhalation.1 Small AP can remain suspended for a long time and travel far with air currents before being deposited in the airways of a contact subject.2 In the case of COVID-19, airborne transmission is highly suspected in humans3,4 and already been demonstrated in animal models.5
Immunouniverse of SARS-CoV-2
Published in Immunological Medicine, 2022
Dennis Jiménez, Marbel Torres Arias
The main route of transmission is person-to-person via respiratory droplets resulting from talking, coughing, sneezing or spitting [15,16]. Possible airborne transmission is still debated. The people could become infected by inhaling aerosols from infected patients that could be suspended in the air for a prolonged time due to their size and favorable environmental conditions, the aerosols could also spread over a longer distance due to airflow [17,18]. The likelihood of transmission in open air is very low compared to enclosed spaces where there is inadequate ventilation as respiratory aerosol accumulation may occur [17,19]. According to Wang et al. individuals with high viral load could shed up to 1.23 × 105 copies of viral RNA in a single cough, individuals with moderate viral load can generate up to 386 copies of viral RNA [20].