China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Order Asfuvirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
As reviewed by the actual ICTV reports (Dixon et al. 2012; Alonso et al. 2018), African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the only virus with the double-stranded DNA genome, which is transmitted by arthropods. The infection of domestic pigs and wild boar results in hemorrhagic fever and, for virulent isolates, death in 5–15 days. The virus is endemic in Africa, where warthogs and bush pigs act as reservoirs. The disease was first spread from West Africa into Europe through Portugal in 1957, was endemic in parts of the Iberian Peninsula from 1960 until 1995, and was finally eradicated from Europe except for the island of Sardinia. In 2007, the virus again spread out of Africa through Georgia in the Trans-Caucasus to Europe and is currently causing outbreaks in the Russian Federation and several neighboring countries such as the Baltic Republics, Poland, Czech Republic, Moldova, and Romania (Alonso et al. 2018).
Amantadine and Rimantadine
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
African swine fever virus was susceptible to high concentrations of amantadine (Alcami et al., 1989). Amantadine has been reported to have activity against simian virus 40 (SV40) infection of rat or monkey cells (Shimura et al., 1987). Rift Valley fever virus, a member of Bunyaviridae, is resistant to rimantadine (Peters et al., 1986). Amantadine had little inhibitory effect on human rotavirus infection in vitro (Fukuhara et al., 1987).
The role of apoptosis in non-mammalian host-parasite relationships
Published in G. F. Wiegertjes, G. Flik, Host-Parasite Interactions, 2004
One group of host proteins is a particular target for viruses. Caspases are activated by a variety of ‘death signals’, pro-caspases being cleaved at specific aspartic acid residues resulting in the production of two subunits. These subunits, acting as a tetramer, carry out the protein cleavage, which produces the typical apoptotic morphological changes in target cells. Several viruses, e.g. African swine fever virus and poxvirus produce gene products that inhibit the function of caspases. For example in cowpox the product termed cytokine response modifier A (CRMA), which is a serpin-like molecule, inhibits several caspases, e.g. 3, 6 and 8 in mammals but, interestingly, it also blocks apoptosis caused by synthesis of reaper in Drosophilia (see Villa et al., 1997).
Identification of a new cell-penetrating peptide derived from the african swine fever virus CD2v protein
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Shunli Yang, Xinming Zhang, Yuying Cao, Shuo Li, Junjun Shao, Shiqi Sun, Huichen Guo, Shuanghui Yin
The African swine fever (ASF), which is caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), is a highly fatal infectious disease with mortality rates approaching 100%, leads to catastrophic harm for the swine industry, and threatens food security in outbreaks of countries (Zhao et al., 2019). A total of 24 genotypes of ASFV circulate in swine and lead to complex epidemiology (Zhao et al., 2019). The ASFV genome encodes more than 150 open reading frames, which form a mature ASFV virion with a large, enveloped, and complicated architecture. This architecture makes the development of an efficacious vaccine challenging due to the lack of knowledge for research (Gaudreault & Richt, 2019; Liu et al., 2019). Recently, two ASFV-encoded proteins, CD2v (EP402R) and/or C-type lectin (EP153R), are responsible in part for the serotype-specific cross-protective immunity observed for ASF and that these viral proteins are significant protective antigens for ASF (Burmakina et al., 2019). The CD2v protein is the main component of its outer envelope with a C-terminal that has a repeat sequence. Previous research shows that the repeat sequence is a genetic marker or the antigen epitope, but the specific biological function is unknown (Sanna et al., 2017; Burmakina et al., 2019).
CRISPR-cas systems based molecular diagnostic tool for infectious diseases and emerging 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2020
Xiaohong Xiang, Keli Qian, Zhen Zhang, Fengyun Lin, Yang Xie, Yang Liu, Zongfa Yang
Identification of CRISPR-Cas12 systems (Type V) have expand the CRISPR-Cas arsenal for genomic editing [44]. Cpf1 was characterised firstly and renamed as Cas12a [45], C2c1 (Cas12b) [46] and other type V members were identified subsequently [37,47,48]. Chen et al. reported a technique named DETECTR (DNA endonuclease-targeted CRISPR trans reporter), which provides a straightforward platform for molecular diagnostics [38]. DETECTR achieves attomolar sensitivity for DNA detection by combination the activation of non-specific single-stranded deoxyribonuclease of Cas12a ssDNase with isothermal amplification that enables fast and specific detection of virus from patient samples. In this assay, crRNA-Cas12a complex binds to target DNA and induces indiscriminate cleavage of ssDNA that is coupled to a fluorescent reporter. The author used DETECTR to differentiate between different types of human papillomavirus from cultured human cells and clinical samples within 1 h [38]. In addition, another technique combines CRISPR-Cas12 with a fluorescence-based point-of-care (POC) system is recently reported for rapid and detection for accurate African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) [49]. In this method, Cas12a/crRNA detects and binds to targeting DNA, the Cas12a/crRNA/DNA complex becomes activated and degrades a fluorescent ssDNA reporter. The author used this method to detect ASFV at a detection limit of 1 mM within 2 h. A detection limit of 100 fM can be achieved after 24 h of incubation.
The roles of epidermal growth factor receptor in viral infections
Published in Growth Factors, 2022
Africa swine fever virus (ASFV) is the only member of family Asfarviridae. It is a large, icosahedron, double-stranded DNA virus that infects domestic and wild swine. ASFV targets monocyte/macrophage lineage and causes highly fatal haemorrhagic fevers in swine (Gaudreault et al. 2020). A study by Sánchez et al. (2012) has reported the role of EGFR in ASFV infection. Activation of EGFR and its downstream PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is essential for ASFV entry into the cells via macropinocytosis mechanism. Pre-treatment of irreversible EGFR inhibitor, 324674 inhibited uptakes of ASFV into Vero cells in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 2(a)) (Sánchez et al. 2012)