China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Order Asfuvirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
It should be noted that the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to reconstruct the ASFV genes and engineer the most suitable vaccine candidates (Woźniakowski et al. 2020). Generally, the perspectives of the vaccination of pigs against the dangerous African swine fever disease were exhaustively reviewed (Escribano et al. 2013; Blome et al. 2020).
Introduction to Vaccination
Published in Mesut Karahan, Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Models, 2021
Nezih Pişkinpaşa, Ömer Faruk Karasakal
On the other hand, a live attenuated vaccine has been produced for African swine fever seen in pigs. In this study, Chinese ASFV HLJ/18 was used as the backbone and a number of gene deleted viruses were produced. HLJ/18-7GD with seven deleted genes provided complete protection to pigs from African swine fever (Chen et al. 2020).
Industrial Agricultural Environments
Published in Kezia Barker, Robert A. Francis, Routledge Handbook of Biosecurity and Invasive Species, 2021
Robert G. Wallace, Alex Liebman, David Weisberger, Tammi Jonas, Luke Bergmann, Richard Kock, Rodrick Wallace
The quandary is actualised by more than the small likelihood the usual stable of interventions can succeed in staunching these newly emergent infections. Agribusiness pathogens are also evolving through the core of the model of production as living refutations. The new pathogens, H5Nx and African swine fever among them, circumvent the culturally bounded notions of what ‘biosecurity’ must mean to the sector as both a matter of economic necessity and as a ‘master signifier’ on which to ground the story of food for the greater public (Hill, 2015; Wallace, 2017; Maclean et al., 2019). Industrial cascades of ‘sterile’ livestock are proving no such thing. The resulting damage, extending beyond herd and flock loss, is infusing agribusiness leadership with an existential anxiety (Collier and Lakoff, 2008; Hinchliffe, 2013; Allen and Lavau, 2015; Gowdy and Baveye, 2019). Dirty diseases that escape putatively clean food ‘contaminate’ industry’s narrative during an already ongoing crisis in thick legitimacy and public trust (Akram-Lodhi, 2015; Montenegro de Wit and Iles, 2016; Murray, 2018; Wallace et al., 2020). Factions of agricultural capital, already clashing over whether to supply highly competitive markets or protect value by planned scarcity, are beginning to lose the kind of class discipline needed to resolve the sector’s multiplying predicaments in agribusiness’s favour.
Identification of a new cell-penetrating peptide derived from the african swine fever virus CD2v protein
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Shunli Yang, Xinming Zhang, Yuying Cao, Shuo Li, Junjun Shao, Shiqi Sun, Huichen Guo, Shuanghui Yin
The African swine fever (ASF), which is caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), is a highly fatal infectious disease with mortality rates approaching 100%, leads to catastrophic harm for the swine industry, and threatens food security in outbreaks of countries (Zhao et al., 2019). A total of 24 genotypes of ASFV circulate in swine and lead to complex epidemiology (Zhao et al., 2019). The ASFV genome encodes more than 150 open reading frames, which form a mature ASFV virion with a large, enveloped, and complicated architecture. This architecture makes the development of an efficacious vaccine challenging due to the lack of knowledge for research (Gaudreault & Richt, 2019; Liu et al., 2019). Recently, two ASFV-encoded proteins, CD2v (EP402R) and/or C-type lectin (EP153R), are responsible in part for the serotype-specific cross-protective immunity observed for ASF and that these viral proteins are significant protective antigens for ASF (Burmakina et al., 2019). The CD2v protein is the main component of its outer envelope with a C-terminal that has a repeat sequence. Previous research shows that the repeat sequence is a genetic marker or the antigen epitope, but the specific biological function is unknown (Sanna et al., 2017; Burmakina et al., 2019).
CRISPR-cas systems based molecular diagnostic tool for infectious diseases and emerging 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2020
Xiaohong Xiang, Keli Qian, Zhen Zhang, Fengyun Lin, Yang Xie, Yang Liu, Zongfa Yang
Identification of CRISPR-Cas12 systems (Type V) have expand the CRISPR-Cas arsenal for genomic editing [44]. Cpf1 was characterised firstly and renamed as Cas12a [45], C2c1 (Cas12b) [46] and other type V members were identified subsequently [37,47,48]. Chen et al. reported a technique named DETECTR (DNA endonuclease-targeted CRISPR trans reporter), which provides a straightforward platform for molecular diagnostics [38]. DETECTR achieves attomolar sensitivity for DNA detection by combination the activation of non-specific single-stranded deoxyribonuclease of Cas12a ssDNase with isothermal amplification that enables fast and specific detection of virus from patient samples. In this assay, crRNA-Cas12a complex binds to target DNA and induces indiscriminate cleavage of ssDNA that is coupled to a fluorescent reporter. The author used DETECTR to differentiate between different types of human papillomavirus from cultured human cells and clinical samples within 1 h [38]. In addition, another technique combines CRISPR-Cas12 with a fluorescence-based point-of-care (POC) system is recently reported for rapid and detection for accurate African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) [49]. In this method, Cas12a/crRNA detects and binds to targeting DNA, the Cas12a/crRNA/DNA complex becomes activated and degrades a fluorescent ssDNA reporter. The author used this method to detect ASFV at a detection limit of 1 mM within 2 h. A detection limit of 100 fM can be achieved after 24 h of incubation.
Current approaches in the treatment of catheter-related deep venous thrombosis in children
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2020
Julie Jaffray, Neil Goldenberg
Intravenous direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) are useful alternatives to UFH in the treatment of VTE in children. The availability of these medications is especially important given the recent U.S. shortage of UFH due to African swine fever killing millions of pigs which supply the raw materials for heparin manufacturing. Another advantage of these DTIS is neither anticoagulant requires antithrombin for their mechanism of action and they can be given in patients who are suspected or diagnosed with HIT. Both medications are given as a continuous infusion and are monitored using the aPTT.