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Ecology
Published in Paul Pumpens, Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
A quantitative TaqMan RT-PCR assay was elaborated for the phage PP7, in order to quantify phage from the water samples (Rajal et al. 2007a,b). The phage PP7, together with the DNA phage φX174, was employed for the validation of a set of commercial small-virus-retentive filters (Lute et al. 2007; Sedillo et al. 2008). Finally, the phage PP7 was chosen by the Virus Filter Task Force organized by the Parenteral Drug Association (PDA) as a consensus standard to rate the virus filters (Lute et al. 2008; Brorson et al. 2008a). An internal virus polarization model was generated to explain virus retention by ultrafiltration (Jackson et al. 2014). Furthermore, a systematic statistical study was performed with the phage PP7 as a viral model and S. typhimurium as a bacterial model, in order to understand the effect of water chemistry on removal of the microorganisms by ultrafiltration (Cruz et al. 2017). The phage PP7 was used also as a well-accepted standard by the determination of pore size distributions of virus filtration membranes using gold nanoparticles (Kosiol et al. 2017) and by the retention of Acholeplasma laidlawii, a common contaminant of growth media for cell culture, by sterile filtration membranes (Helling et al. 2018).
Anti-Aging Drug Discovery in Experimental Gerontological Studies
Published in Shamim I. Ahmad, Aging: Exploring a Complex Phenomenon, 2017
Alexander N. Khokhlov, Alexander A. Klebanov, Galina V. Morgunova
During many years of research on the stationary phase aging model, our premise was that cultured cells whose proliferation is restricted in some way (preferably by contact inhibition) accumulate “age-related” defects similar to those in cells of aging multicellular organisms (and geroprotectors should postpone/retard the accumulation), with the kinetics of cell death in this model system remaining behind the scene. Our subsequent studies have shown that mammalian cells in this model die out in accordance with the Gompertz law; that is, they age in the true sense (Khokhlov 2010b; Khokhlov et al. 2014; Khokhlov and Morgunova 2017). In other words, the probability of their death increases exponentially with age, as in aging animals and humans. Incidentally, similar results were obtained with the suspension cultures of Acholeplasma laidlawii (Kapitanov and Aksenov 1990), and our previous experiments with this mycoplasma showed that its stationary phase aging could be successfully delayed by treatment with a geroprotective antioxidant 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine chlorohydrate (Khokhlov et al. 1984b).
Omics of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2019
Vladislav M. Chernov, Olga A. Chernova, Alexey A. Mouzykantov, Leonid L. Lopukhov, Rustam I. Aminov
Small RNAs (sRNAs) in the extracellular vesicles of microorganisms are of particular interest because they are considered to be mediators of cell reprogramming in response to changes in environmental variables [13,36,39]. The involvement of vesicular sRNAs in response to antimicrobial agents and the corresponding development of resistance has recently been demonstrated for Acholeplasma laidlawii [71]. The wild-type and resistant strains were grown under antibiotic-free and antimicrobial treatment (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and melittin) conditions. Some differentially expressed sRNAs were associated with genes conferring antimicrobial resistance, including metal-dependent β-lactamases, MATE-family proteins, and ABC-transporters. Currently, sRNAs are considered to be promising targets for the development of novel antimicrobials [72]. In this respect, targeting sRNAs present in the biologically indispensable extracellular vesicles could be important for antimicrobial drug development.