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Honey-Based Polyphenols: Extraction, Quantification, Bioavailability, and Biological Activities
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria, Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
Csilla Benedek, John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu, Zsanett Bodor, Zoltan Kovacs
Antimicrobial property of honey, extracted from G. thoracica and H. itama, has also been reported against Staphylococcus xylosus (gram-positive bacteria), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram-negative bacteria) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (gram-negative bacteria) in Malaysia [79]. Amoebistatic and amoebicidal potencies were exhibited in a dose-dependent manner when honey was used to treat acanthopodia and resulted in a detached and shrank amoebae (Acanthamoeba castellanii)[75]. In the in-vitro experiment, antimicrobial activity of honey was confirmed against H. pylori isolates, a major pathogen for gastritis [78]. Table 2.1 shows some phenolic compounds and their inhibitory effects on certain microbes [25],
23S rRNA-Derived Small Ribosomal RNAs: Their Structure and Evolution with References to Plant Phylogeny
Published in S. K. Dutta, DNA Systematics, 2019
Arm E-IV, the so-called “AU-rich” hairpin is also a conservative structural element (Figures 7 and 8). In animals, loop IV is longer and contains up to 10 unpaired nucleotide residues, whereas in yeasts and plants it consists of only 4 residues. It is remarkable that in the 5.8S rRNA of vertebrates the basepairing pattern in helix E is different from that in other higher eukaryotes and yeasts; i.e., the conservatism of the secondary structure is maintained by involvement of nonhomologous nucleotide sequence elements. In E. coli, the basepairing scheme in helix E is also different. In protists, there is a broad range of helix E stability; its formation is doubtful in 5.8S rRNA Acanthamoeba castellanii, although in 5.8S rRNA Crithidia fasciculata the pairing in this region is rather good. Structural defects in helix E are seen in 5.8S rRNA of all the studied organisms, except for vertebrates, dipterans, and the snail.
Phosphonic Acids In Nature
Published in Richard L. Hilderbrand, The Role of Phosphonates in Living Systems, 2018
Richard L. Hilderbrand, Thomas O. Henderson
Korn et al.78,79 purified to apparent homogeneity a lipophosphonoglycan from the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. This structural material contains both AEP and 1-hydroxy-2-aminoethylphosphonic acid and makes up about 30% of the plasma membrane of the amoeba. The mass of the isolated material is neutral sugars (26%), hexosamine (3.3%), aminophosphonates (10%), phosphate (3.2%), fatty acids (14%),79 inositol (8%), C24- and C25-phytosphingosines (13%), and unknown (22%).80 Of the 14% fatty acids, 8.4% was made up of C-22 to C-28 normal and branched, saturated 2-hydroxy fatty acids.81 This material is distinguished from the previously mentioned phosphonoprotein by the presence of fatty acids.
Current understanding and therapeutic management of contact lens associated sterile corneal infiltrates and microbial keratitis
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Lily Ho, Isabelle Jalbert, Kathleen Watt, Alex Hui
For contact lens-related MK, the majority of infections are due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.28 This is followed by Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and Acanthamoeba species, respectively.28 For nontherapeutic contact lens wearers, the most commonly isolated fungal organism in fungal keratitis is Fusarium (filamentary fungi), followed by Aspergillus (filamentary fungi);29 in contrast, in therapeutic contact lens wearers, Candida (yeast) and Fusarium are most commonly isolated causative fungal keratitis organisms.29 Although microsporidia keratoconjunctivitis has been found in contact lens wearers, it is usually associated with soil or mud and occurs in immunocompromised patients.30 The majority of strains causing either non-contact lens associated or contact lens-associated Acanthamoeba keratitis have been shown to exhibit the T4 genotype, which includes species Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and Acanthamoeba culbertsonii.31
Diagnostics and management approaches for Acanthamoeba keratitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Nóra Szentmáry, Lei Shi, Loay Daas, Berthold Seitz
In the last few years additional techniques have been described with potential in the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis. In 2014, phospholipid classes of A. castellanii protozoa that could serve as specific biomarkers have been described [13]. Maschio et al. reported on successful diagnostics using proteomic analysis of soluble and surface-enriched proteins from Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites. Their analysis allowed the identification of proteins with potential for immunodiagnostic assays [14]. In 2016, Del Chierico et al. revealed the capability of the MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper to identify and genotype the Acanthamoeba strains [15]. Nevertheless, these diagnostic methods are still only available in a few single centers around the world.
Current and Future Applications of Photoactivated Chromophore for Keratitis-Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (PACK-CXL): An Overview of the Different Treatments Proposed
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2018
A. Abbouda, I. Abicca, J. L. Alió
In-vitro experiments11,12 have supported the view that UVA treatment alone is less effective compared with riboflavin 0.1% UVA. Makdoumi13 showed that riboflavin photo-activation using UVA (365 nm) can achieve an extensive eradication of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the combination is more potent in reducing bacterial number than UVA alone. In Acanthamoeba castellanii, riboflavin is not able to amplify the antiprotozoal effect.14 Furthermore, riboflavin induces a change in the properties of the collagen and has a stiffening effect on the corneal stroma, increasing the resistance to enzymatic bacteria degradation and avoiding the progression of corneal melting.15,16