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Adult Stem Cell Plasticity
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Mezey and colleagues47 transplanted immunodeficient PU.1-/- mice (which lack macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, osteoclasts, B-cells, and T-cells) with wild-type male whole BM within 24 hours of birth. One to four months after transplant, donor-derived cells (Y-chromosome positive) engrafted as both glia and neurons (identified by the expression of NeuN). NeuN stained cells also expressed neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Most donor-derived neurons were found in the cortex, but fewer numbers of cells were detected in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, periaqueductal gray, and striatum. Interestingly, large numbers of Y-chromosome+ cells were found in areas in direct contact with the cerebral spinal fluid, indicating that BM-derived cells infiltrate the brain largely via the CSF, first seeding the ependymal and subependymal regions. From there, these cells migrate deeper into the brain and differentiate to produce a variety of neuronal cells. However, this study did not determine whether the BM-derived cells pass through areas traditionally associated with high NSC concentrations (such as the SVZ, olfactory bulb migratory tract, and hippocampus). In separate experiments, these authors were able to confirm the ability of BM cells to undergo metamoirosis towards the neuronal lineage in vitro.
Nerve Agent–Induced Seizures and Status Epilepticus: Neuroprotective Strategies
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
Frederic Doreu, Karine Thibault, Nina Dupuis
Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining allows the detection of necrosis, infiltration, or loss of nuclei. Although a core technique in anatomic pathology, it may not be the best staining approach for the brain. Pathology is more difficult to detect in poorly fixed tissue. Conversely, this is an advantage of the Fluoro-Jade® series of stains (Schmued, 2016), which still allow easy detection of suffering cells that appear fluorescent. One of the limitations is that one does not know exactly what type of cell is detected. Cresyl violet staining is also a classical approach used to easily visualize neuronal density and assess cell loss, especially in well-organized brain structures such as the hippocampal layers. NeuN immunohistochemistry is also used to detect a decrease in neuron density and neuronal loss (Collombet et al., 2006, 2008), and MAP-2 immunohistochemistry has been used as a marker of SRBD (Ballough et al., 1995; Lallement et al., 2003). We also reported the potential of the Woelcke myelin stain (Carpentier et al., 2012) for studying degenerating neurons.
Tissue Staining Techniques for Stroke Studies
Published in Yanlin Wang-Fischer, Manual of Stroke Models in Rats, 2008
Yanlin Wang-Fischer, Lee Koetzner
Information from Chemicon indicates that Vertebrate neuron-specific nuclear protein called NeuN (Neuronal Nuclei) MAB377 reacts with most neuronal cell types throughout the nervous system of mice including cerebellum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, spinal cord and neurons in the peripheral nervous system including dorsal root ganglia, and enteric ganglia. The immunohistochemical staining is primarily in the nucleus of the neurons with lighter staining in the cytoplasm. The few cell types not reactive with MAB377 include Purkinje, mitral and photoreceptor cells.
Osthole alleviates inflammation by down-regulating NF-κB signaling pathway in traumatic brain injury
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2019
Liang Kong, Yingjia Yao, Yang Xia, Xicai Liang, Yingnan Ni, Jingxian Yang
The Nissl staining revealed that the number of neurons is not significantly different between the Sham group and Sham + Ost group, but the number of neurons was significantly reduced in the TBI group beside the contusion site on day 7 after TBI (p < .01; Figure 3(B,C)). When treated with osthole, the number of neuronal cells was significantly increased compared to the TBI group in the cortex (p < .05; Figure 3(B,C)). NeuN is one of the neuron-specific markers, so we used immunofluorescence staining to detect the expression of neurons. The results showed that the number of NeuN-positive cells increased significantly with osthole treatment on seven days after TBI (p < .05; Figure 3(D,E)), these results indicating that osthole rescues the impairment of cortical neurons caused by TBI.
Therapeutic impact of thymoquninone to alleviate ischemic brain injury via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2021
Nashwa Amin, Xiaoxue Du, Shijia Chen, Qiannan Ren, Azhar B. Hussien, Benson O.A. Botchway, Zhiying Hu, Marong Fang
To determine the relative proportion of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) reporter cells within the ischemic striatum, histological sections from YFP mice of all groups were used for co-labeling with neuronal nuclei protein (NeuN) immunofluorescence (Figure 8G). The expression of a mature neuronal marker, NeuN of YFP cells, within the injured area after 1 week was lower in the Stroke group than the normal group (P < 0.05, Figure 8H); however, NeuN expression interestingly upregulated in the TQ+Stroke group (P < 0.001). This implies that TQ possesses bifunctional therapeutic and protective effects in the ischemic brain.
Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics reveal potential protein targets of JiaWeiSiNiSan in preventing chronic psychological stress damage
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Han-Zhang Wang, Wu-Long Luo, Ning-Xi Zeng, Hui-Zhen Li, Ling Li, Can Yan, Li-Li Wu
NeuN was used to label mature neurons and to reflect the number of neurons in DG. The sections were rewarmed, membrane-ruptured with Triton-X, blocked with goat serum, and incubated with rabbit anti-NeuN antibody (1:1000, Abcam, UK) overnight at 4 °C. After being washed in TBST, the sections were incubated with AlexaFluor® 488 goat anti-rabbit (1:500, Abcam, UK) at 37 °C for 2 h. After being washed in TBST and DAPI staining, images were captured by a laser confocal microscope (LSM800, ZEISS, Germany). The ratio of NeuN positive cells (%) = NeuN positive cell number/total number of nuclei × 100%.