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Potential of Fenugreek in Management of Kidney and Lung Disorders
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Amit D. Kandhare, Anwesha A. Mukherjee-Kandhare, Subhash L. Bodhankar
Glomerulonephritis or nephritis is a severe and life-threatening illness that occurs due to inflammation of the glomeruli. Although prevalence is low, nephritis can be rapidly progressive and the patient may need immediate treatment. Additionally, damage to the glomerulus results in arterial hypertension and renal failure. Glomerulonephritis includes many diseases, namely anti- GBM antibody disease, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and ANCA-associated vasculitis (McAdoo and Pusey 2017). The pathophysiology remains unknown for glomerulonephritis; however, bacterial and viral infections have been encountered frequently during a clinical investigation (Couser and Johnson 2014). The recommended treatment regimen for glomerulonephritis includes daily administration of oral steroids such as cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange to decrease the serum levels of anti-GBM antibodies. Although these therapies are more efficient in removing antibodies from serum, their cost and availability have acted as limitations in widespread clinical practice.
Haematology and oncology
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
9.14. A 4-year-old boy presents with anaemia and dark urine. Urine examination is positive for blood but no red blood cells are seen on microscopy. Which of the following statements is/are correct?Recent dietary history is important.A raised blood pressure would suggest a diagnosis of acute nephritis.The most likely diagnosis is haemolytic-uraemic syndrome.The condition is unlikely to be life threatening.The family history of jaundice is important in elucidating the diagnosis.
Renal disorders
Published in Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson, Concise Paediatrics, 2020
Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson
Other types of nephrotic syndrome fall into an overlap pattern with nephritis, where there is marked inflammation in the glomerulus (hence there will be additional features such as red and white cells + casts in the urine, secondary to inflammation). Unlike uncomplicated nephrotic syndrome, it is rare for the plasma albumin to fall below 20 g/dl in these conditions. Causes include: Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritisHSPAnaphylactoidMalariaSLEDrugs, e.g. penicillamine, and heavy metals
Beneficial effect of fresh frozen plasma in reducing renal complications in Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion envenomated children with severe hemoglobinuria: an open label randomized clinical trial
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Ehsan Valavi, Parisa Amoori, Neda Mohtasham, Tahereh Ziaei Kajbaf, Mehri Taheri, Bahman Cheraghian, Soodeh Hooshmandi
Scorpion venom causes an inflammatory reaction in the kidneys. The direct toxic effects of venom, release of cytokines, and dilation of vessels can cause interstitial nephritis and ischemic tubular necrosis (Naqvi 2015). Pyuria was significantly associated with AKI, as reported in almost 65% of AKI patients; this indicates the infiltration of leukocytes into the renal parenchyma, which is involved in the development of acute interstitial nephritis. Acute interstitial nephritis can exacerbate renal dysfunction, as mentioned in other studies (Gmar-Bouraoui et al. 2000, Viswanathan and Prabhu 2011). In the present study, despite the low severity of pyuria in the intervention group, the difference was not significant between the two groups. Therefore, use of FFP seems to be relatively effective in reducing leukocyte infiltration into the renal parenchyma, indicating a decline in renal damage in the FFP group.
Urinary T cells are detected in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated immune nephritis that are clonotypically identical to kidney T cell infiltrates
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Shailbala Singh, Leticia C. Clemente, Edwin R. Parra, Amanda Tchakarov, Chao Yang, Yisheng Li, James P. Long, Cassian Yee, Jamie S. Lin
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy can be a highly effective cancer treatment option, but its use is often limited by the development of autoimmune side effects targeting normal tissues, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). While the frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients receiving ICI therapy is over 15%, immune nephritis is observed in 2–5% of the patients experiencing ICI-associated irAEs.1,2 The most common pathology associated with immune nephritis is acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), an inflammatory renal lesion characterized by a T-lymphocytic tubulointerstitial infiltrates.2 However, other autoimmune pathologies such as glomerulonephritis (GN) and vasculitis can also develop.3 Unlike patients suffering from AKI mediated by other causes, those with ICI-AKI (i.e. AIN, GN, and vasculitis) directly benefit from immune suppressive therapies.4 Differentiating ICI-associated immune nephritis from other causes of AKI (e.g. dehydration, obstruction, sepsis, etc.) herein referred to as non-ICI AKI can be complicated since conventional blood and urine tests are nonspecific in identifying AKI etiology. The risk of major bleeding associated with kidney biopsy in cancer patients further poses a challenge due to elevated risk of morbidity and mortality.5–8 A means to noninvasively screen for ICI-immune nephritis will enable timely diagnosis, improve patient management, and obviate complication risks from invasive diagnostic procedures (i.e. kidney biopsy).
Non-diabetic urine glucose in idiopathic membranous nephropathy
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Lingling Liu, Ke Zuo, Weibo Le, Manman Lu, Zhihong Liu, Weiwei Xu
Another interesting phenomenon in our research was that urine glucose usually occurred when the patient had massive proteinuria, and if proteinuria was controlled, the urine glucose and scr would gradually become normal. Previous research has shown that there was a strong relationship between tubulointerstitial nephritis and the severity of proteinuria in experimental nephrosis [23]. Albumin overload could indeed induce renal tubular injury [24]. A recent research with single cell sequence also showed that proximal tubular cells had higher TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, NOD like receptor, and apoptosis expression in massive proteinuria patients than nonmassive proteinuria patients [19]. Thus, it would be of importance to discriminate the tubular injury when patients had massive proteinuria. Some previous researches tried to find out the relationship between the time average proteinuria and the long-term renal outcome [25]. This procedure was complicate. However, our research showed that the occurring of urine glucose was corelated to proteinuria and was a risk factor of renal function deterioration. Moreover, urine glucose was easily to detect in clinical practice.