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Paper 2
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
The question describes typical MRI findings of myositis ossificans. This condition causes heterotopic bone formation, most commonly following trauma but it occurs in paraplegic patients, sometimes with no history of preceding trauma. Typical radiographic appearances include a lesion adjacent to the knee or hip with peripheral calcification. Calcification will be low signal on T1 MRI sequences and sometimes the early features can include quite marked increased STIR signal extending into the muscle.
The locomotor system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Myositis ossificans occurs mainly in the muscles of the limbs of young people. Patients complain of a rapidly growing soft-tissue swelling, sometimes after trauma. Many patients have low-grade fever and an elevated white blood count, suggesting infection. On microscopy there is a characteristic zoning pattern, a central zone of proliferating fibroblasts merging with areas of primitive bone formation, which may mature to form a well-defined peripheral shell of woven bone in 4–6 weeks. There is a danger that myositis ossificans is misdiagnosed as osteosarcoma, particularly in the early stages, before ‘zoning’ has developed.
History of osteotomies around the hip joint and their classification
Published in K. Mohan Iyer, Hip Preservation Techniques, 2019
Of all these listed complications, the most commonly seen is trochanteric bursitis, and routine removal of the implants usually avoids this problem. An adequate radiographic workup and skillful preoperative tracing or computer templating for many osteotomies. Rigid internal fixation is critically important for stability by osteosynthesis. A preoperative Trendelenberg limp can be improved after osteotomy or possibly by greater trochanter advancement, which improves the abductor mechanics. Osteotomy can make subsequent THR surgery more difficult on both the pelvic and femoral sides. In some cases, a revision osteotomy of the femur may be necessary prior to proceeding with a THR. Simultaneous implant removal and THR surgery results in slightly increased operative time and possibly an increased infection rate for the THR. One of the more dreaded complications is AVN. Myositis ossificans can appear after an otherwise uncomplicated osteotomy, more commonly on the pelvic side. It is usually an incidental finding but can cause symptomatic stiffness.
Benign growing mass of the digit presenting as an ulcerated mass – case report and review of the literature
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2021
J. Nunes Pombo, A. Nixon Martins, C. Paias Gouveia, B. Pena, D. López-Presa, G. Ribeiro
The majority of cases demonstrated negative staining to S – 100, CD 34, cytokeratin (MAK-6 and CAM 5.2), desmin, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) [3,11,18,25–27]. Diagnosis is challenging – FOPD is a rare disease with only 174 cases documented, and it shares many histological and clinical features with malignant disease. This might lead to incorrect diagnoses, such as extraskeletal osteosarcoma, resulting in unnecessary procedures, including amputation. It should, however, be considered as a potential diagnosis of fast-growing tumors of the hand or feet with no previous history of trauma [42]. Osteosarcoma is usually diagnosed in older people (scarcely under 40) and is rarely found in the fingers, being more common in the large bones of the upper and lower extremities [42]. Myositis ossificans has been associated with FODP, being the latter considered by some authors as a superficial variant of the first. However, in myositis ossificans there is commonly a history of trauma [38,42,51]. Other differential diagnosis include bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (Nora’s lesion), ossifying plexiform tumor, acral osteoma cutis, and subungual exostosis [45,50].
Solitary Bone Cyst Like Areas in Myositis Ossificans: A Breast Mass in a Child
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2021
Ayse Nur Akatli, Sema Uguralp, Saadet Alan, Aytac Tasci, Gokhan Yildirim
Myositis ossificans(MO) is a benign ossifying process that is most commonly found in muscles, but may also occur in other extraosseous regions. Patients usually present with localized tenderness, swelling and pain early in the course [1]. Only a few cases of MO of the breast have been reported in the literature [2–4]. A cystic form of MO is infrequently encountered in the literature [5,6].