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Inflammation and Cytokines in Airway Wall Remodelling
Published in Alastair G. Stewart, AIRWAY WALL REMODELLING in ASTHMA, 2020
IL-10 is a broadly expressed cytokine (predominantly T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and monocytes), having a powerfully suppressive effect on Th1 cytokines.154,155 It acts to suppress TNFα production by macrophages, as well as dramatically enhancing the growth of mast cells when cocultured with IL-3 or IL-4.60 Evidence to date suggests that IL-10 is capable of completely suppressing the T cell proliferative response to antigen.156 The wide range of actions of IL-10 suggests that it acts overall as a Th2 cytokine, enhancing the allergic response.157 Although IL-10 has been detected in biologic samples, its specific role in asthma is currently unknown.
Interleukin-10 and Other Suppressive Cytokines
Published in Helmut Brade, Steven M. Opal, Stefanie N. Vogel, David C. Morrison, Endotoxin in Health and Disease, 2020
Arnaud Marchant, Michel Goldman, Tom van der Poll
IL-10 is produced by a variety of cell types including monocytes, macrophages, and T and B lymphocytes (3–6). At the level of monocyte/macrophage, the production of IL-10 is induced by microbial products and pathogens including LPS, intracellular parasites, fungi, and viruses (4,7–9).
Cytokines
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2020
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal
Lymphocyte-derived cytokines regulate immune function. IL-2, secreted by T lymphocytes that have been activated by antigen, stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes and enhances NK cell growth and cytotoxicity. IL-4 promotes the growth and differentiation of B lymphocytes and increases IgE production by B lymphocytes. IL-5 is produced by lymphocytes after antigen stimulation and by mast cells on stimulation by an allergen–IgE complex, and it induces bone marrow eosinophil production. IL-9 promotes the proliferation of activated T lymphocytes, production of immunoglobulins by B lymphocytes and production and differentiation of mast cells and haemopoietic precursor cells. IL-10 is produced by T lymphocytes, macrophages and B lymphocytes and inhibits the activity of macrophages, decreases production of proinflammatory cytokines and increases immunoglobulin secretion and B-lymphocyte proliferation. IL-13 is produced by T lymphocytes and enhances B-lymphocyte growth and differentiation, induces B-lymphocyte IgE production and inhibits monocyte and macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production.
Association between TH2 Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Bullous Pemphigoid
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Pardis-Sadat Tabatabaei-Panah, Hamideh Moravvej, Marzieh Alirajab, Ahmad Etaaty, Maryam Geranmayeh, Farzaneh Hosseine, Atousa Khansari, Mohadeseh Mahdian, Mahsa Mirhashemi, Samira Parvizi, Fatemeh Sakhaie, Ralf J. Ludwig, Reza Akbarzadeh
In BP, several patterns of differential cytokine expression have so far been described (Amber et al. 2018). Besides the evidence for the elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines, T-helper 2 (Th2)-associated cytokines, which are characterized by the predominance of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13, have detected in blister fluid or skin biopsies of patients suffering from autoimmune blistering diseases (Ameglio et al. 1998; Caproni et al. 1998; D’Auria et al. 1999a, 1999b, 1998; De Pita et al. 1997; Endo et al. 1992; Inaoki and Takehara 1998). Furthermore, BP180-reactive T cells produce Th2 cytokines which probably induce the autoantibody production of the Th2-dependent IgG4 subtype in the active stages of BP (Eming et al. 2007). IL-4 and IL-13, signal through the type II IL-4 receptor, are two central cytokines in type-2 immunity which contribute to the most disease hallmarks associated with type-2 inflammation (Bao and Reinhardt 2015). IL-10 is a multifunctional cytokine and plays an important role in both the onset and development of autoimmune diseases (Tian et al. 2014). It has been shown that while IL-4- and IL-13-producing cells contribute to BP, increased frequency of IL-10-producing cells is associated with disease remission (Teraki et al. 2001). IL-5 activated eosinophils are involved in BP blister formation in the presence of BP autoantibodies which cause separation of the DEJ in the presence of BP serum (de Graauw et al. 2017). Similarly, elevated IL-6 concentrations have been observed in a human and murine experimental model of autoimmune blistering disorders (Samavedam et al. 2013).
Enterococcus faecalis shifts macrophage polarization toward M1-like phenotype with an altered cytokine profile
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2021
Mohamed Mohamed Elashiry, Fucong Tian, Mahmoud Elashiry, Rana Zeitoun, Ranya Elsayed, Matthew L. Andrews, Brian E. Bergeon, Christopher Cutler, Franklin Tay
Unlike the two aforementioned cytokines, IL-10 is an immunosuppressive cytokine that downregulates the inflammatory immune response and protects the host tissue against the harmful effects of inflammation. However, over-production of this cytokine favors bacterial persistence due to the lack of clearance of the invading pathogens [45]. Production of IL-10 is more destructive to the host in case of intracellular bacterial infections [46]. These results provide insight into the persistence of E. faecalis infection and the resistance to inflammation resolution in E. faecalis-induced medical and dental conditions, including apical periodontitis [47]. Accordingly, the null hypothesis that ‘prolonged E. faecalis infection of macrophage precursors have no effect on the phenotype of the differentiated macrophages and their cytokine expression profile’ has to be rejected.
Lower proportion of CD19+IL-10+ and CD19+CD24+CD27+ but not CD1d+CD5+CD19+CD24+CD27+ IL-10+ B cells in children with autoimmune thyroid diseases
Published in Autoimmunity, 2020
Karolina Stożek, Kamil Grubczak, Viviana Marolda, Andrzej Eljaszewicz, Marcin Moniuszko, Artur Bossowski
Bregs represent 5–10% of the whole population of B lymphocytes (CD19) and are marked by a peculiar production of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), responsible for suppressing excessive immune responses. Additionally, these cytokines inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the activation of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes [18]. Particularly IL-10 remains pivotal in immunity and every deregulation of its expression or signalling may result in autoimmune diseases [19]. However, performing IL-10 intracellularly entails prolonged lab procedure (permeabilization) and prevents the use of these cells for further tests e.g. functional ones. Researches have recently detected a strong correlation between intracellular expression of IL-10 and superficial expression of antigen CD24 and CD27. Therefore, it can be assumed that B10 regulatory cells may present phenotype CD19+CD24hiCD27 + [20]. Intensive studies have been performed on the role of Bregs in the pathogenesis and development of many systemic autoimmune disorders (diabetes mellitus, lupus, psoriasis), but not in the field of AITD [21,22].