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Humoral Immune Responses
Published in Roberto R. Kretschmer, Amebiasis: Infection and Disease by Entamoeba histolytica, 2020
R. Pérez-Montfort, R. R. Kretschmer
Izar,22 Scalas,23 and Wagener24 were the first to detect circulating anti-amebic antibodies by complement fixation and precipitin tests in the first part of this century. The introduction of other techniques followed decades later. Goldman25 introduced indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), Nakamura and Baker26 precipitation in agar, Zaman27 immobilization, Kessel and collaborators28,29 IHA, Halpern and collaborators30 antigen coated bentonite phagocytosis, Powell and collaborators31 gel diffusion and Morris and collaborators32 latex agglutination. With the successful axenic cultivation of E. histolytica33,34 and the preparation of antigens from axenic amebas35 more sensitive and specific techniques were developed. Sepúlveda and collaborators36 introduced counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), Bos and van den Eijk,37 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Voller and collaborators,38 radioimmunoassay, Nilsson and collaborators,39 a thin layer immunoassay, and Taylor and Pérez,40 a solid phase indirect immunofluorescent assay. The sensitivity of these tests is very good17,41 and there are apparently no false-positive results. There is no crossreactivity with Naegleria or Hartmanella nor with other parasites causing intestinal or liver disease.42
Approach to the Febrile Patient
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Currently there are methods of rapid diagnosis of infections which permit the physician to establish a diagnosis definitively or presumptively, in sufficiently short a period to influence patient management.23,24 Among these tests, the most useful, widespread and least expensive is ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) which may detect a wide variety of infectious agents. Other tests for a rapid diagnosis are counterimmunoelectrophoresis (C.I.E.); latex agglutination, immunofluorescence; radioimmunoassay and electron microscopy. All these above-mentioned tests should be used in conjunction with standard microbiologic techniques.
Serodiagnosis: Antibody and Antigen Detection
Published in Johan A. Maertens, Kieren A. Marr, Diagnosis of Fungal Infections, 2007
Christine J. Morrison, David W. Warnock
Numerous methods are available for the detection of antibodies in persons with fungal diseases. Immunodiffusion (ID) is a simple and inexpensive method for qualitative detection of precipitating antibodies, but it is insensitive and this reduces its usefulness as a screening test. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) is a more rapid and sensitive method for the detection of precipitins. Complement fixation (CF) is a sensitive, quantitative test, but more difficult to perform and interpret than ID. However, it remains an important method contributing to the diagnosis of a number of endemic fungal infections, including histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis.
Prognostic value of cryoglobulins, protein electrophoresis, and serum immunoglobulins for lymphoma development in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. A retrospective cohort study
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2018
Jesse Kimman, Xavier Bossuyt, Daniel Blockmans
Antinuclear antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence using HEp2000 cells. Anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies were identified by counterimmunoelectrophoresis until 2003 and by fluoroenzyme immunoassay (EliA, Thermo Fisher) after 2003.