China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Plant-Based Adjunct Therapy for Tuberculosis
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Lydia Gibango, Anna-Mari Reid, Jonathan L. Seaman, Namrita Lall
Infected macrophages in the lungs attract inactivated monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes, which are not effective in killing the surviving mycobacterial cells. Granulomas composed of macrophage-derived giant cells and lymphocytes then begin to form and become a means of containing the infection and preventing the spread of the mycobacterial cells (Fenton and Vermeulen, 1996). As the development of cellular immunity progresses, bacteria-laden macrophages are killed, which subsequently leads to the formation of the caseous center of the granuloma surrounded by lymphocytes, monocytes and fibroblasts. At this point, the M. tuberculosis bacilli, unable to replicate due to the toxic microenvironment created within the caseous tissue, will remain dormant (Smith, 2003).
Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Treatment Techniques for COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
Chinese medicine has made great progress in disease prevention, health care, treatment, and so on, in recent years, especially in terms of the public recognizing the concepts of “healthy qi” and “yin and yang”. Healthy qi is similar to the immune function of Western medicine, and the imbalance of yin and yang is similar to the disorder of immune function in Western medicine. Chinese medicine has remarkable results in this respect. Acupoint application therapy, as an appropriate technology for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 with TCM, can stimulate the immune function of the relevant system to the maximum extent, improve the body’s vital qi, and fundamentally cure or control the disease. Some scholars have proposed that the determination of the body’s immune function can be started from four aspects: cellular immunity, humoral immunity, mononuclear macrophage function, and natural killer cell (NK) cell activity. Other studies have shown that acupoint application therapy can further improve the level of pulmonary function of patients through cellular immunity and humoral immunity.
Choerospondias axillaris (Hog plum)
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
The study of the mononuclear phagocyte system, thymus, and serum hemolysin gives information about the immunity system. The mononuclear phagocyte system has phagocytosis and bactericidal action and antitumor effects. The thymus is the central immune organ for the differentiation and maturation of T lymphocytes. Serum hemolysin is a sensitive marker to reflect and test the humoral immune function. TFC may influence cellular immunity and humoralimmunity by enhancing the phagocytic function of mononuclear macrophage. TFC may enhance cellular immunity and increase the thymus weight. TFC increased the content of serum hemolysin in normal mice and the antibody titer induced by contact again antigen, indicating that TFC could enhance humoral immunity, relating to IgM and IgG. Thus, TFC could improve the celiac macrophage activity and specific immunity of mice (Liu et al. 2013). C. axillaries could enhance cellular, humoral immune function, and sports endurance of mice (Deng and Ji 2002).
Immunoenhancement activity of Bletilla striata polysaccharide through MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways in vivo and in vitro
Published in Autoimmunity, 2022
Xiaofeng Niu, Jiabao Yu, Qiuxia Huang, Jinjin Yu, Yajie Yang, Huixin Song, Yang Liu, Xin Xiao, Langjun Cui, Weifeng Li
Macrophage acting as a bridge between humoral and cellular immunity plays vital roles in immunity, which involve in phagocytosis, T-lymphocytes activation and secretion of immunomodulatory mediators [30]. Additionally, it has been stated that macrophages were one of the promising targets for plant polysaccharides to exert immunomodulatory effects [31]. In vitro experiments, the result demonstrated that BSP pre-treatment could improve the phagocytic activity of macrophages, and increase the level of iNOs, TNF-α and IL-1β in macrophages. Meanwhile, ACP and LDH were closely related with the macrophage activity in spleen tissue. LDH was located in the cytosol of macrophages; ACP could transfer phosphate groups and participate in lipid metabolism, which is a necessary sign of macrophages lysosomal enzymes of vertebrates [32]. Thus, the viability of LDH and ACP was investigated to assess macrophage activity, and the result suggested that BSP administration was capable to enhance the activity of LDH and ACP in the spleen tissue of immunosuppressed mice, which was also similar with the previous results.
Effect of Radical Surgery for Advanced Adenocarcinoma of Esophagogastric Junction on Perioperative Cellular Cell Immunity
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Shou-miao Li, Yan-xin Gong, Zhi-zhong Zhang, Wei Zhang, Zhi-qiang Liu, Bao-zhong Li
The prevalence of Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG), one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract in China, has been rapidly increasing in recent years. Coincident with the development of tumors (and even in the precancerous states) [1], tumor cells secrete various cytokines that can inhibit cellular immunity [2]. Surgery involving total gastrectomy/proximal gastrectomy with a transhiatal resection of the distal esophagus and lymphadenectomy of the lower mediastinum and the abdominal D2 compartment remains the only curative treatment for Siewert type II AEG [3]. Due to the presence of micrometastases, even patients who undergo radical surgery will likely experience cancer recurrence and metastasis [4]. Cellular immunity is one of the main factors controlling micrometastasis. However, the stress response associated with the trauma of surgery may further inhibit the cellular immune response, increasing the likelihood of tumor recurrence and metastasis in cancer patients [5, 6]. T lymphocytes are an important component of cellular immunity because they are involved in the activation of immunity and the amplification of specific immune responses against cancer cells. Changes in the number and proportion of T lymphocytes can lead to T lymphocyte dysfunction [7].
Galangin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice via modulation of cellular immunity
Published in Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2021
Kok-Tong Tan, Shiming Li, Lauren Panny, Chi-Chien Lin, Shih-Chao Lin
Dendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in modulating and orchestrating human immune responses, particularly cellular immunity. In the context of MS pathogenesis, DC could trigger auto-reactive T-cell responses via presentation of myelin-derived epitopes and through secretion of cytokines that polarize T-cell differentiation into T-helper (TH)-1 and TH17 cells (Fletcher et al. 2010). Myelin-reactive T-cells migrate from the peripheral tissue to the CNS where they are reactivated by resident antigen-presenting cells (APC) like microglial cells and astrocytes. Upon activation, these APC release more pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17, ultimately resulting in the continuing damage to/destruction of the myelin on axons (Wang et al. 2018).