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Essential Oils in Cancer Therapy
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Carmen Trummer, Gerhard Buchbauer
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) is a method to investigate cell death by detecting apoptotic DNA fragmentation. The assay relies on the use of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), an enzyme that catalyzes attachment of deoxynucleotides, tagged with a fluorochrome or another marker, to 3′-hydroxyl termini of DNA double strand breaks (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUNEL.assay).
Reproductive System and Mammary Gland
Published in Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard, Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Justin D. Vidal, Charles E. Wood, Karyn Colman, Katharine M. Whitney, Dianne M. Creasy
As discussed earlier, follicles that fail to progress to ovulation undergo atresia and, indeed, this is the fate of the majority of developing ovarian follicles. A number of authors have discussed the morphology, classification, and progression of follicular atresia in the rodent (Braw and Tsafriri 1980; Byskov 1974; Hirshfield 1988; Osmun 1985). In the normal rodent ovary, follicular atresia occurs most commonly at the early antral stage (approximately 200–400 μm diameter in the rat) (Hirshfield and Midgley 1978) and the earliest light microscopic evidence of follicular atresia is the presence of individual apoptotic cells or pyknotic nuclei among the mural granulosa cells or within the antral space. Progression of atresia in granulosa cells is associated with an increase in apoptotic DNA fragmentation as well as a decrease in proliferative capacity as measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (Durlinger et al. 2000). In NHPs, follicular atresia most often involves tertiary follicles and to a lesser extent, secondary follicles (Buse et al. 2008) and as a result, it is readily observed in the NHP and can be easily mistaken for a test article-related finding.
Pomegranate: a role in health promotion and AIDS?
Published in Ronald R. Watson, NUTRIENTS and FOODS in AIDS, 2017
Jeongmin Lee, Ronald R. Watson
Boiled-water extract of the pomegranate peel has genotoxic property on human cell lines, Raji and P3HR-1.12 Cell growth and viability were dose dependently reduced without induction of chromosomal aberrations. Administration of pomegranate extract induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation.
Inhibitory Effects of Indomethacin in Human MNNG/HOS Osteosarcoma Cell Line In Vitro
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2020
Saied Mirshahidi, Rosalia de Necochea-Campion, Annie Moretta, Nadine L. Williams, Mark E. Reeves, Salman Otoukesh, Hamid R. Mirshahidi, Shahrzad Khosrowpour, Penelope Duerksen-Hughes, Lee M. Zuckerman
CRL-1547 cells were plated in 12-well plates and after 24 h, the cells were exposed to indomethacin (0.03, 0.06, 0.125, 0.250 mg/ml). In experiments using Z-VAD-FMK, the cells were treated with the inhibitor 1 h before indomethacin treatment. After 24–48 h all cells, including floating cells were harvested by trypsinization and washed with Dulbeccòs Phosphate Buffered Saline. Genomic DNA was extracted with a DNA extraction kit (Quick-g DNA miniprep kit, Zymo Research, Irvine, CA, USA) following instructions as described by the manufacturer. Concentration and purity of the DNA from each treatment group was measured by NanoVue (GE Healthcare) and 0.4 μg was then applied to 1.5% agarose gels containing ethidium bromide with a DNA molecular marker (1 kb DNA step ladder, Promega, Madison, WI, USA). The DNA fragmentation pattern was examined in photographs taken under UV illumination. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation of samples corresponding to <2000 bp DNA was densitometrically determined (VisionWorks Image Acquisition and Analysis Software (UVP system). This experiment was repeated 3 times.
Anticarcinogenic effect of gold nanoparticles synthesized from Albizia lebbeck on HCT-116 colon cancer cell lines
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Harikrishna Malaikolundhan, Gowsik Mookkan, Gunasekaran Krishnamoorthi, Nirosha Matheswaran, Murad Alsawalha, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Surapaneni Krishna Mohan, Aiting Di
Apoptosis is coordinated by a relation of cysteine proteases well-known as caspases. The major effectors of apoptotic proteins include proteases from the caspase family, which exist in as dormant precursors in mainly nucleated animal cells. The caspase-3 pathway activation has been known, which are either independent or dependent of leave go of mitochondrial cytochrome c and caspase-9 role. Caspase-3 activation is the hallmark of apoptosis and is essential for apoptotic DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation in all cell types. Therefore, caspase-3 is important for convincing processes related to the dismantling of the cell and the development of apoptotic bodies [29]. The dual staining of microscopic examination demonstrated that the common viable cells become known with green fluorescence for the reason that of the dispersion of acridine orange (AO) into the cell membrane, while apoptotic cells were shown as orange colored-bodies due to the nuclear shrinkage and blebbing. On the other hand, the necrotic cells with red fluorescence due to their decrease of membrane integrity by AL-AuNPs induced cytotoxicity [30]. It was found that the total number of apoptotic cells increased when the cells were treated with their various dosages of AL-AguNPs when compared to the control. The AL-AuNPs treated HCT-116 cells improved the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner is well agreeing with previous reports that the seaweed aqueous extracts [4].
Selective inhibitors for JNK signalling: a potential targeted therapy in cancer
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
Qinghua Wu, Wenda Wu, Vesna Jacevic, Tanos C. C. Franca, Xu Wang, Kamil Kuca
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), which is characterised by severe inflammation and cell death, causes significant liver damage and hepatic cancer77. Ginsenoside Rg1 (20 mg/kg/day), which inhibits JNK signalling, significantly promotes hepatic function and suppresses liver necrosis and inflammatory responses78. An azaquinolone analog168 and N-alkyl (propyl and butyl)-bearing pyrazoloanthrone scaffolds show promise as therapeutic inhibitors of JNK79. Angell et al.80 and Jang et al.81 further showed that N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothien-2-yl)amides acts as an ATP-binding site-targeting inhibitor of JNK2 and JNK3. The mechanism was further studied, and the authors showed that this inhibitor can cause apoptotic DNA fragmentation in parallel with G2/M arrest, phosphorylation of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and Bim and activation of Bak and the caspase cascade, suggesting its anticancer potential81.