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Nutrition and oral health
Published in Jackie Musgrave, Health and Wellbeing for Babies and Children, 2022
Allergic disease is a contemporary health issues that affects people in all areas of the world. In the UK, hospital admissions because of allergy to foods ‘has increased fivefold between 1909–2007’ (Gupta et al. 2007).
The diagnosis and management of preterm labor with intact membranes
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Roberto Romero, Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa, Francesca Gotsch, Lami Yeo, Ichchha Madan, Sonia S. Hassan
The proposed etiologies of the preterm labor syndrome are presented in Figure 3. The main causes are (i) intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (26–57); (ii) vascular disease mediated through ischemia (58–64); (iii) uterine overdistension [twin gestations (65), patients with polyhydramnios (66,67), and Müllerian duct abnormalities (68)]; (iv) stress (69–73); (v) cervical disease [congenital after diethylstilbestrol exposure (74–79), post-traumatic after conization (80–88), etc. (89)]; (vi) hormonal disorders that mediate a suspension of progesterone actions (90–98); (vii) allergic disease (99–107); and (viii) an abnormal allogeneic response in which there is a rejection-like mechanism by the maternal immune system of the conceptus (108–112).
Environment and Lifestyle in Allergic Disease
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Anubha Tripathi, Thomas AE Platts-Mills
In conclusion, the sequence of changes in allergic disease cannot be explained simply by hygiene or lifestyle, and one should be willing to recognize a role for many different changes over the last 100 years. There are ways in which one could identify changes in advance and predict or even avoid future changes in allergic disease. However, this involves some remarkable optimism about the ability for human society to plan and carry out a change in lifestyle as a conscious positive decision.
Use of genetically modified lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria as live delivery vectors for human and animal health
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Romina Levit, Naima G. Cortes-Perez, Alejandra de Moreno de Leblanc, Jade Loiseau, Anne Aucouturier, Philippe Langella, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán
Allergic disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by a dysregulated immune response to allergens. The most common allergies include allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. In most cases, patients do not respond to conventional treatments. In this sense, LAB-based mucosal vaccines are an attractive option for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.133–136 A mucosal vaccine based on L. lactis expressing major dust mite allergen Der p2 was developed, and its prophylactic effect was evaluated in a Der p2-sensitized mouse model. The results showed that the GM LAB was able to prevent the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation primarily by the induction of specific mucosal immune tolerance with reduction of inflammatory parameters. L. lactis has been also used as a vector to express Ara h 2.02 (one of the two isoforms of the Ara h 2 major peanut allergen) and administered to allergen-sensitized and -challenged mice. Animals that received the GM bacteria showed an alleviation of the Th2-associated responses.
Association of delayed chronotype with allergic diseases in primary school children
Published in Chronobiology International, 2022
Yiting Chen, Anda Zhao, Jiajun Lyu, Yabin Hu, Yong Yin, Jiajie Qu, Shilu Tong, Shenghui Li
The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was applied (details are described in the supplemental material) (Asher et al. 2006). The Cronbach-α coefficient for the ISAAC questionnaire of this study was 0.94. The validity determined by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin method was 0.94. Three allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema) were asked, including ever diagnosis and current symptoms, respectively. Children who have been diagnosed with allergic diseases, and still have current typical symptoms (such as whistling in the chest, sneezing, runny nose not due to having a cold, itching on the bent side of the elbow or knee joint) are described as having each allergic disease. The reference group, the non-allergic group, was defined as a population with no signs or symptoms of any allergic diseases or symptoms, where two other allergic symptoms, including drug allergy and food allergy, were also considered for exclusion. Ultimately, 653 (6.26%), 960 (9.20%), and 805 (7.72%) of children with ever-diagnosed asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema with current symptoms, and 4,641 children from the reference group were included in the analyses.
Presentation, diagnosis, and the role of subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy in the management of ocular allergy
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Amruta Trivedi, Constance Katelaris
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis is severe, chronic, bilateral inflammation of the ocular surface. It is more common in adulthood, and up to 95 per cent of patients have a personal or family history of allergic disease. Atopic dermatitis is the most common associated condition,31 and atopic keratoconjunctivitis is considered the ‘ocular counterpart’ of atopic dermatitis. The eyelids have an eczematous appearance (Figure 2F), and madarosis or loss of eyelashes is often present. Other ocular findings include chemosis of the eyelid skin, with fine sandpaper‐like texture, conjunctival injection, and conjunctival scarring.32 Similar to vernal keratoconjunctivitis, small Trantas dots and papillae may be present. Patients may also develop atopic cataracts and may require cataract surgery at a young age.13 Corneal complications are common, and risk of vision‐threatening herpetic keratitis also increases.20 As seen in allergic conjunctivitis, many patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis also test positive to aeroallergen sensitivity.