China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Pharmacologic alternatives to blood
Published in Jennifer Duguid, Lawrence Tim Goodnough, Michael J. Desmond, Transfusion Medicine in Practice, 2020
Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) therapy has been approved for use in patients undergoing autologous blood donation (ABD) in Japan, the European Union, and Canada since 1993, 1994, and 1996, respectively, and is also approved for perisurgical adjuvant therapy in Canada, Australia, the USA and the European Union (Table 10.1). Intravenous iron preparations with better safety profiles are now available in the USA. Finally, considerable progress has been made in the development of artificial oxygen carriers in the last decade. The emergence of these pharmacologic alternatives to blood and their clinical application in transfusion medicine will be addressed in this chapter.
Mapping and sequencing: From gene to genome
Published in Peter S. Harper, The Evolution of Medical Genetics, 2019
The first significant genetic markers were the blood groups, whose variations were already under study on account of their practical importance in transfusion medicine. When Robert Race, who had been evacuated to Cambridge as part of RA Fisher's ‘serum group’, returned after the war to London as head of the newly formed MRC Blood Group Unit, he collaborated with Lionel Penrose and colleagues at the Galton Laboratory to develop the search for genetic linkage, as mentioned in Chapter 2, and formed a key part of the circle of talent surrounding the Galton Laboratory at University College, London; later the unit, now under his colleague and wife Ruth Sanger, relocated to the same purpose built laboratories at Wolfson House, making the links even closer. (Race and Sanger are pictured in Figure 2.3; see also Bangham 2014).
Concepts of Replacement Therapy: Blood Components, Blood Derivatives, and Medications
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
b. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV infection (and AIDS) is the most feared complication of transfusion. The devastating effects of this disease has changed the practice of transfusion medicine. First reported in a transfusion recipient in 1982, this disease has affected thousands of patients who have received transfusion therapy. The hemophilia population has been dramatically affected, since approximately 50% of hemophiliacs receiving clotting factor concentrates (and, thus, markedly increased donor exposures) were infected during the early 1980s. The donor screening process, including improved testing for antibodies to both HIV-1 and HIV-2, as well as the recently licensed HIV-1 antigen test, have reduced the risk of transmission significantly.
Managing patients with hematological malignancies during COVID-19 pandemic
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2020
Blood Banks play a pivotal role in the orchestra of team managing sick and complex cases of cancer and HSCT. It has been observed worldwide that the COVID-19 pandemic has crumpled the supply chain of blood donation and refill of the blood stores leading to an unprecedented shortage of blood components. Pagano et al found that rechecking the blood request indications, ordering one unit at a time, and canceling elective surgeries were effective measures in replenishing the blood component stores in their facility [40]. Such measures should be pro-actively implemented in all hospitals and medical centers so that a constant reserve pool of blood and other components are available to the needy 24 × 7. Similarly, there is an additional burden on the transfusion medicine team who also own the additional responsibility of arranging apheresis for procuring convalescent plasma therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19 [41].
Eosinophil accumulation predicts response to melanoma treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Published in OncoImmunology, 2020
Sonja C. S. Simon, Xiaoying Hu, Jasper Panten, Mareike Grees, Simon Renders, Daniel Thomas, Rebekka Weber, Torsten J. Schulze, Jochen Utikal, Viktor Umansky
For this explorative immune monitoring study, peripheral blood samples were obtained from 32 metastatic melanoma patients receiving ICI at the Skin Cancer Center (University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany). This study was approved by the local ethics committee (2010-318N-MA) and was carried out in accordance to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The collection of the peripheral blood and clinical data was performed after patients gave their written informed consent. Peripheral blood samples from 10 age- and gender-matched healthy donors (HD) without indications of immune-related diseases were taken at the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden Württemberg-Hessen, Germany after informed consent.
ID CORE XT as a tool for molecular red blood cell typing
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2019
Carolina Bonet Bub, Lilian Castilho
New technologies based on molecular biology already exist, will be improved, and new technologies are coming. If on the one hand the current molecular biology platforms cannot embrace all the genetic variants, on the other hand NGS platforms generate a huge amount of data that not yet have clinical relevance. A balance between actual and future technologies will be necessary, including correct interpretation of the data generated, affordable costs for the techniques and theoretical/practical training in molecular immunohematology is still in need [43]. Transfusion medicine has come a long way, it has seen many revolutions and improvements: typing blood products using molecular means being one. This technology should be around for a while until a universal and artificial blood substitute that is free of infectious agents and residual toxicity becomes available [44].