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Acquired Bleeding Disorders Associated with Disease and Medications
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
William A. Rock, Sue D. Walker
Ancrod (Arvin) is an enzyme purified from the venom of the pit viper. The proteolytic effect of ancrod on fibrinogen, as opposed to thrombin, involves cleavage only of fibrinopeptide A from the fibrinogen molecule. The resultant fibrin is susceptible to fibrinolysis, presumably because it is not cross-linked and contains degraded alpha chains. Ancrod is used as an antithrombotic in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia or thrombosis who require immediate and continued anticoagulation (150).
Miscellaneous: Dextran, Dermatan Sulfate, Low Molecular Weight Heparinoids (Org 10172), Pentosan Polysulfate (Sp54), Defibrinating Agents (Ancrod And Reptilase)
Published in Hau C. Kwaan, Meyer M. Samama, Clinical Thrombosis, 2019
M. M. Samama, P. C. Desnoyers, H. C. Kwaan
As discussed in Chapter 4, a thrombus or embolus is constantly in a dynamic state with continuous fibrin and platelet deposition while resolution is taking place. Therefore, any attempts to interfere with the former process by blocking fibrin and platelet deposition would be a rational therapeutic step. Among these attempts is the use of defibrinating agents designed to lower the circulating plasma fibrinogen level to around the 0% level. Two such agents, Ancrod and Reptilase, have been used clinically and are derivatives of the venom from the Malayan pit viper (Agkistrodon rhodostoma) and the South American pit viper (Bothrops atrox), respectively.41–48
Rheological Therapy
Published in Gordon D. O. Lowe, Clinical Blood Rheology, 2019
Low shear conditions are most frequently encountered in veins, especially the venous valve pockets of the deep veins of the lower limb, where thrombi occur most frequently (Chapter 13, Volume II). In double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, subcutaneous ancrod reduced the incidence and/or extent of venous thrombosis after hip surgery.69,70 There are also reports of ancrod as effective treatment in retinal vein thrombosis (see Chapter 17, Volume II) and in prevention of thrombosis in venous grafts.6
Polybia occidentalis and Polybia fastidiosa venom: a cytogenotoxic approach of effects on human and vegetal cells
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
Marcel José Palmieri, Amanda Ribeiro Barroso, Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira, Marta Chagas Monteiro, Andreimar Martins Soares, Pedro Henrique Souza Cesar, Mariana Aparecida Braga, Marcus Vinicius Cardoso Trento, Silvana Marcussi, Lisete Chamma Davide
Some components of the venom can be benefic when isolated and administered in the proper doses, as there are many medicines fabricated from isolated fractions of venoms, such as antihypertensive (e.g., Captopril and Ranatensin), anticoagulants (e.g., Ancrod, Batroxobin, and Echistatin) (Koh and Kini 2012), drugs against diabetes mellitus, and analgesics (Koh and Kini 2012, Prashanth et al. 2017).