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Alimentary Tract
Published in George W. Casarett, Radiation Histopathology, 2019
The parietal cells are found scattered, usually singly, between zymogenic cells and the basement membrane. They are more numerous toward the necks of the glands. These cells are apparently involved in the elaboration of hydrochloric acid or its precursors. As in the case of zymogenic cells, it is not certain whether these cells are reverting or fixed postmitotic cells. They are rarely, if ever, seen in mitosis, but they show reduction in numbers after moderate doses of radiation. Possibly these cells too may differentiate from mucous neck cells produced by division of gastric pit cells. Indirect mechanisms may account for radiation-induced hypoplasia of parietal cells, as well as zymogenic cells.
Stomach Microcirculation
Published in John H. Barker, Gary L. Anderson, Michael D. Menger, Clinically Applied Microcirculation Research, 2019
The secondary arcade gives rise to smaller mucosal arteries of 14 to 19 µ in diameter, which pierce the muscularis mucosae.3,4 Each mucosal artery divides into three or four branches, each of which in turn break up into three to six capillaries in the base of the mucosa. The capillaries form a honeycomb-like network around the gastric pits.4 This hexagonal vascular system is generated by the terminal branching of capillaries that run along the gastric glands.3,7
Introduction
Published in Shayne C. Gad, Toxicology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2018
The stomach wall is composed of the same four basic layers as the rest of the GI tract, with certain modifications. The surface of the mucosa is a layer of simple columnar epithelial cells called surface mucous cells. The mucosa contains a lamina propria (areolar connective tissue) and a muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle). Epithelial cells extend down into the lamina propria, where they form columns of secretory cells called gastric glands that line many narrow channels called gastric pits. Secretions from several gastric glands flow into each gastric pit and then into the lumen of the stomach.
Characteristic analysis of early gastric cancer after Helicobacter pylori eradication: a multicenter retrospective propensity score-matched study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Xinyuan Liu, Xinyu Wang, Tao Mao, Xiaoyan Yin, Zhi Wei, Jindong Fu, Jie Wu, Xiaoyu Li
Figure 2 presents the endoscopic and histopathological images of a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in a middle-aged male patient after H. pylori eradication. A 25 × 25-mm reddish depressed lesion was observed on the anterior wall of the upper part of the gastric antrum (Figure 2(A)). The surrounding mucosa showed map-like redness. The boundary of the lesion was clear on NBI magnifying endoscopy, with grid-like microvessels and disordered surface microstructures (Figure 2(B)). The gastric mucosa around the tumor was atrophied under low magnification, showing gastric pits, decreased glandular layers, and moderate intestinal metaplasia. Some glands were more proliferative, and lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltrated the interstitium (Figure 2(C)). When properly magnifying the adenocarcinoma area, the gastric mucosa was destroyed and the glands mainly showed a thick true papillary structure. The vascular axis of the papilla was visible, and the surface was covered with atypical epithelium, showing a well-differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma. Tumors in a small part of the area expanded in the form of tube glands, with dilated and irregular lumens, and enlarged glands were observed in the deep part of the tumor (Figure 2(D)).
Spirulina supplements: an approach moderating aspirin persuaded histological and ultra-structural alterations in albino rats gastric mucosa
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2022
Sherif A. Kamar, Ahmed H. Bayoumi, Hagar Yousry Rady
Examination of Group IV (Aspirin + Spirulina treated group) gastric wall of the pyloric part showed preserved mucosal thickness with intact superficial layer, and apparently normal submucosa and intact muscularis mucosa. Higher magnification showed normal distribution of parietal and chief cells in superficial and deep mucosa (Figures 8A, B, C, D). Using PAS – AB showed preserved PAS (neutral mucin) stain in superficial portion of the crypts, and relative increase of Alcian blue (acid mucin) stain in deep portions of the crypts (Figures 9A, B, C). Examination with scanning electron microscope of the pyloric part of the stomach showed preserved superficial mucosal layer with wide gastric pits and few shredded materials (Figures 10A, B).
Ultra-structural study of the indomethacin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in rat gastric parietal cells
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2020
Sahar M Gebril, Yuko Ito, Eman E. Abu-Dief, Mahmoud Rezk Abdelwahed Hussein, Hoda M Elsayed, Asmaa Naser Mohammad, Usama M Abdelaal, Kazuhide Higuchi
Grossly, the rat stomach is formed of two parts; fore-stomach (non-glandular part, and site of food storage), and glandular stomach (site of food digestion). As compared to the normal eating, and fasting animals, the intake of IND caused multiple superficial hemorrhagic erosive gastric mucosal lesions after 3 h that becomes deeper extending nearly all through the mucosa at 6 and 12 h. In semi-thin sections, the gastric mucosa of the normal feeding rat is intact consisting of surface mucous secreting columnar surface epithelium that invaginates to line the gastric pits. The corium contains the gastric glands with the PCs predominate underlined by thin layer of muscularis mucosa. In the fasting animals, the gastric pits and the gastric glands lumen appeared wider and the PCs containing multiple small vacuoles. In the IND-treated animals, the gastric mucosa showed superficial lesions involving mainly the PCs in the isthmic, and neck regions that became deeper after 6 and 12 hours. Some PCs contained multiple vacuoles and others shrunken with deeply stained cytoplasm having dark condensed nuclei were demonstrated. The latter cells appeared after 3 hours of IND intake and increased in number after 6 and 12 hours. These findings are shown in Figure 1(a-e).