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Nutrition and the Microbiome—Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
Kirsten Berding, Sharon Donovan
Lastly, studies that consistently report a link between GI distress and microbial dysbiosis could be suggestive of the idea that the microbiota is involved in the relationship between GI and ASD symptoms. For example, constipation is associated with higher levels of Escherichia/Shigella and Clostridium Cluster XVIII, and Clostridium perfringens and its toxin-producing genes were found in higher abundances in children with ASD and co-morbid GI symptoms.26,55 One study reporting parallel onset of ASD and GI symptoms also suggested that the timing of the onset of GI symptoms relative to the onset of ASD symptoms could be associated with an increased abundance of the order Clostridiales, namely the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcacaea.22 Furthermore, a unique mucosa-associated microbiome in children with ASD and GI disorders, characterized by an increased abundance of Clostridiales and reduced abundance of the genera Dorea, Blautia, and Sutterella, was correlated with peripheral cytokine and tryptophan levels, suggesting a potential relationship between GI symptoms, microbiota composition and peripheral immune and metabolic markers.56
Supporting mothers with special needs
Published in Maria Pollard, Evidence-based Care for Breastfeeding Mothers, 2018
Although smoking while breastfeeding is not recommended, the benefits of breastmilk outweigh the risks from nicotine. Dorea states that it is ‘worse to smoke and not breastfeed’ (2007, p. 290). Nicotine is found in breastmilk and will alter the taste. Mothers who smoke have a reduced milk supply and have a shorter duration of breastfeeding than their counterparts (Amir, 2002). It is proposed that nicotine inhibits the production of prolactin; however, further research is required in this area. Excessive crying, fussiness and colic in infants of mothers who smoke are reported, which may lead to cessation of breastfeeding because of the mothers’ perception of insufficient milk supply (Giglia et al., 2006). Infants also sleep less after breastfeeding when their mothers have smoked before the feed (Mannella et al., 2007; Jones, 2013b).
The role and functional components of statistical alerting methods for biosurveillance
Published in David L. Blazes, Sheri H. Lewis, Disease Surveillance, 2016
Another data source for which syndromic classification has recently expanded is that of veterinary laboratory data (Dorea et al. 2014). Hoinville et al. reported on an inaugural 2011 global conference dedicated to standardization of terms and concepts to promote veterinary surveillance (Hyder et al. 2011) and as of 2015, the global community is mobilizing rapidly. This effort is motivated by worldwide concerns over zoonotic transmission of emerging diseases and the potential for bioterrorist attacks on livestock. As for human data categorization, intensive syndrome formation research efforts have already begun. Warns-Petit et al. (2010) applied a three-step procedure to classifying wildlife necropsy data, including hierarchical clustering similar to that of Magruder’s procedure for OTC, but after initial data reduction using principal components analysis. Dorea et al. (2013b) compared three approaches for veterinary laboratory test orders categorization using truth data formed with the help of three clinical and biological specialists. The approaches were rule-based, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree classifiers, and their study found that the rule-based method outperformed the machine-learning ones.
How oral probiotics affect the severity of an experimental model of progressive multiple sclerosis? Bringing commensal bacteria into the neurodegenerative process
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Leyre Mestre, Francisco J. Carrillo-Salinas, Ana Feliú, Miriam Mecha, Graciela Alonso, Carmen Espejo, Laura Calvo-Barreiro, José L. Luque-García, Héctor Estevez, Luisa María Villar, Carmen Guaza
Differences in the composition of the fecal microbiota at the genus level have been reported in a variety of studies on MS patients.4,5,18,19 In our study TMEV-mice showed changes in gut microbiota population compatible with MS disease like decreases of Prevotella, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides or Coprobacillus relative abundance or an increase of Anaerostipes.18,24,25 Vivomixx treatment tends to decrease Anaerostipes, Dorea, Oscillospira, Enterobacteraceae or Ruminococcus while Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Lactobacillus, or Sutterella were increased. These changes would be associated with the beneficial effects of probiotic treatment. For example, Dorea have been considered to be part of the healthy gut microbiota or patients on disease-modifying treatment show increased abundance of Sutterella and Prevotella.5
Sleep, circadian rhythm and gut microbiota: alterations in Alzheimer’s disease and their potential links in the pathogenesis
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Yi Li, Lingzhan Shao, Yang Mou, Yan Zhang, Yong Ping
Dorea, Ruminococcus torques and Ruminococcus gauvreauii utilize glycoside hydrolases to breakdown mucus layer and produce propionate.92 Despite their SFCA-producing capacity, increased abundance of mucolytic bacteria has been associated with disrupted gut barrier and inflammatory bowel diseases.93 Studies have suggested the role of Dorea spp. in inflammation through the promotion of IFNγ production and mucin degradation.84,94 Significantly abundant pathobiont Ruminococcus torques has been found in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and CD.93Ruminococcus gauvreauii has been found to be positively correlated with pro-inflammatory parameters in rats with fatty liver.95
Psyllium seed husk regulates the gut microbiota and improves mucosal barrier injury in the colon to attenuate renal injury in 5/6 nephrectomy rats
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Dongmei Hu, Wenbo Liu, Wanlin Yu, Lihua Huang, Chunlan Ji, Xusheng Liu, Zhaoyu Lu
The arabinose and butyrate produced by PSH degradation may also act as active components [32], as they are further fermented to produce SCFAs [33]. The ability of PSH supplementation to decrease the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes in the gut of 5/6Nx rats suggested that PSH alleviates CKD-induced adverse changes in the gut microbiota by acting at the phylum level. PSH increases the relative abundance of Acetatifactor, Turicibacter, Ruminococcus, Oscillibacter, and Saccharibacter and decreases the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter, Romboutsia, Blautia, and Dorea. Turicibacter is involved in fermentation [34], Oscillibacter produces SCFAs [35], and Saccharibacter may reduce SCr levels and increase estimated glomerular filtration rates [36]. Meanwhile, Dorea is a common pathogen [37]. A MetaCyc functional analysis showed that polymeric compound degradation, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, amine and polyamine degradation and biosynthesis, aromatic compound biosynthesis, fermentation, and glycan degradation differed significantly between the 5/6Nx and PSH rat groups in this study. These results suggest that PSH has positive effects on polymeric compound degradation, amine and polyamine degradation and biosynthesis, aromatic compound biosynthesis, fermentation, and glycan degradation. As shown in Figure 3(C–E), Shannon’s and Chao’s indices were higher, and Simpson’s index was lower, in PSH than sham and model rats. Shannon’s index primarily assesses the abundance of dominant species, while the Simpson assesses the abundance of rare species. Thus, PSH seems to act by increasing the abundance of dominant species.