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Supported Lives
Published in Roger Cooter, John Pickstone, Medicine in the Twentieth Century, 2020
Another key innovation grew from peritoneal dialysis, a means of dialyzing in emergencies that had been tried with varying degrees of success from the 1920s. In this method, dialysis fluid is poured into the patient’s peritoneal cavity through a needle or tube in the abdomen; the membranes lining the cavity allow waste products in the bloodstream to pass through by osmosis, and the fluid is removed and replaced either continuously or intermittently. The weak point in this method was the insertion of a needle or tube bringing a high risk of peritonitis. As with the Scribner shunt, new materials changed the picture and in 1978 a Canadian team devised a permanent indwelling cannula, inserted in the wall of the abdomen below the navel, which allowed fairly safe repeated dialysis — ‘repeated’ here meaning every six hours. This process, known as Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) took off as a serious alternative to hemodialysis from about 1980. Some patients objected to having a tube protruding from their bellies, while others preferred this method because it allowed greater freedom of diet and fluid intake than hemodialysis. The varying extent of uptake of CAPD in different countries was largely, however, a matter of macro-policy. The US, with its generous funding for dialysis, retained a high level of hemodialysis; the UK, which had one of the lowest levels of provision in Western Europe in the 1970s, aimed to increase coverage while keeping costs down, and so used more CAPD than most other European countries.
Radiographic Absorptiometry (Photodensitometry)
Published in Stanton H. Cohn, Non-Invasive Measurements of Bone Mass and Their Clinical Application, 2020
Charles Colbert, Richard S. Bachtell
A longitudinal study of typical mineral change patterns of routine hemodialysis patients has been conducted over a period of 5 years.55,56 A second long-term study, of which the first year has been completed, is being made of mineral changes in patients receiving 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol therapy as a potential renal osteodystrophy preventive. A third large scale, long-term study of the skeletal effects of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has recently been initiated with the Universities of Missouri and Texas. A pilot study on the skeletal effects of natural fluoride in drinking water was described above.
Renal disorders
Published in Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson, Concise Paediatrics, 2020
Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson
Peritoneal membrane used as a semi-permeable membrane. The dialysate is run through a tube into the peritoneal cavity and the fluid changed regularly to repeat the process.CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis); 2–4 cycles/day done manuallyCCPD (continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis); dialysis occurs only at night with 8–12 cycles done by machine
Association between gut microbial diversity and technique failure in peritoneal dialysis patients
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Shulan Guo, Huan Wu, Ji Ji, Zhaoxing Sun, Bo Xiang, Weiwei Wu, Jun Ji, Jie Teng, Xiaoqiang Ding, Xiaofang Yu
This was a prospective cohort study conducted in the peritoneal dialysis center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. The study design and patients were previously described [16]. Briefly, patients who had been on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment for at least 6 months were recruited from February 2018 to July 2019. Patients were excluded if they had gastrointestinal diseases, severe liver diseases, tumor, other immunological or autoimmune disorders or had used any specific drugs in the previous 3 months, including antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, proton pump inhibitors and immunosuppressive agents. Those younger than 18 years old or non-Han nationality were also excluded. All patients were using glucose dialysate of Baxter. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Approval No.: B2017–108R). All participants provided written informed consent.
Correlation of serum omentin-1 level with clinical features and major adverse cardiac and cerebral events in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2023
Chunmeng Yao, Juanjuan Ou, Liping Zhou, Junlan Liu
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is characterized by its irreversibility, which is a kind of fatal disease [1]. The prevalence of ESRD in the world and China is 144 per million population (PMP) and 237.3 PMP, respectively, and it shows a steady upward trend [2,3]. The main treatment for ESRD patients includes renal replacement therapy, which contains kidney transplantation (KT), hemodialysis (HD), and peritoneal dialysis (PD) [4]. Notably, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a common PD mode that can maintain renal function, thus improving quality of life and prolonging the survival rate of ESRD patients, which is a convenient and low-cost method [4–7]. Nevertheless, the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) in ESRD patients who undergo CAPD treatment (CAPD-ESRD patients) is high, which leads to huge disease burdens [8–10].
Pharmacotherapeutic options for kidney disease in HIV positive patients
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Anam Tariq, Hannah Kim, Hashim Abbas, Gregory M. Lucas, Mohamed G. Atta
PLWH on cART are recommended to continue such therapy after dose adjustment while on dialysis. Survival appears to have slightly improved among PLWHon dialysis [98]. The median survival was longer for those initiating dialysis during the cART era, at 16 months, than for those initiating dialysis before at 9 months, and this trend was similar pre and post cART in those PLWH with HCV coinfection versus PLWH without coinfections [99,100]. However, a larger study demonstrated improved survival among PLWH who initiated RRT in post-cART era during 1999‐2000, compared with those who started RRT in pre-cART era prior to 1990 (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.40‐0.60) [101]. PLWH on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are at increased peritonitis risk, although HIV did not increase the risk for CAPD catheter failure rate at 18 months [102]. European studies, on the other hand, do not suggest worse outcomes in mortality with RRT use among those with and without HIV [74,103,104]. Table 4 further lists previous studies.