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The patient with acute gastrointestinal problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Rebecca Maindonald, Adrian Jugdoyal
Bile (secreted by hepatocytes) enters into the small bile canaliculi and drains subsequently into the bile ductules and bile ducts, which eventually become the right and left hepatic ducts merging into the common hepatic duct. Having left the liver, the bile is stored in the gallbladder, which acts as a reservoir. This is a pear-shaped sac (7–10 cm) long, located in a depression of the posterior visceral surface of the liver. The gallbladder is divided into a fundus, body and neck. The cystic duct joins the common hepatic duct, which in turn merges into the common bile duct. Bile contains water, bile salts, bile pigments and electrolytes, and from the common bile duct, bile is emptied into the duodenum, where the bile salts emulsify fat.
Applied Surgical Anatomy
Published in Tjun Tang, Elizabeth O'Riordan, Stewart Walsh, Cracking the Intercollegiate General Surgery FRCS Viva, 2020
Vishal G Shelat, Andrew Clayton Lee, Julian Wong, Karen Randhawa, CJ Shukla, Choon Sheong Seow, Tjun Tang
During dissection, you encounter a bile leak. What are the possible sources of a leak?Common bile duct or common hepatic ductAbnormal biliary ductsDuodenum
Three-Dimensional Fluorographic Anatomy
Published in Robert J. Parelli, Principles of Fluoroscopic Image Intensification and Television Systems, 2020
The biliary system consists of the bile ducts and gallbladder. The two main ducts emerge at the porta hepatic and join to form the common hepatic duct which unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. The gallbladder is a thin-walled, pear-shaped musculomembranous sac with a capacity of storing 2 oz. of bile fluid. The gallbladder is lodged in the fossa of the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver. The position of the gallbladder varies with body habitus. Location of the gallbladder is in the right upper quadrant, anterior to the coronal plane.
Heating of metallic biliary stents during magnetic hyperthermia of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: an in silico study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Oriano Bottauscio, Irene Rubia-Rodríguez, Alessandro Arduino, Luca Zilberti, Mario Chiampi, Daniel Ortega
The bile duct is a tube that connects the gallbladder and the duodenum in the small intestine to transport there the bile, where it performs essential tasks for food digestion [11]. This tube is part of the biliary tree, which starts in the liver. The part of this tree that comes out from the gallbladder is called cystic duct which is joined along with the common hepatic duct into the common bile duct. This goes through the pancreas and joins with the pancreatic duct, ending up in the ampulla of Vater in the duodenum. It is very common to see that the tumor blocks this path in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, avoiding the bile to reach the small intestine [12]. This is clinically shown as jaundice (yellow colored skin) due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood, which is a component of the bile.
Variations in the vascular and biliary structures of the liver: a comprehensive anatomical study
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2018
Burak Veli Ülger, Eyüp Savaş Hatipoğlu, Özgür Ertuğrul, Mehmet Cudi Tuncer, Cihan Akgül Özmen, Mesut Gül
As live-donor liver transplantation and liver resection have become more common, the need to consider the anatomy of the biliary tree and potential variations thereof has increased. MRCP (which is noninvasive) has become the preferred method of evaluating the biliary anatomy [14,37]. In 58–60% of the patients, the anterior and posterior branches of the biliary duct, which drain the anterior and posterior right lobes of the liver, merge to form a right hepatic duct and then fuse to form a common hepatic duct. This type A variation is common [3], being present in 51.5% of our patients (Figure 21). The extent of bile duct variation in our patients was slightly higher than previously reported. The C1 variation, in which the right lobe anterior sector of the bile duct drains into the common hepatic duct, was the most common (15%; Figure 23), with a frequency similar to those of prior reports [38,39]. The B variation was detected in 24 (12%) cases (Figure 22); this proportion was similar to those of other studies [17,40]. The C2 and D1 variations were observed in 16 cases (8%; Figure 24) and 15 cases (7.5%; Figure 25), respectively, thus more commonly than in Couinaud [18].
Single-balloon enteroscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the setting of altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2018
Steven Smith, Joshua Stagg, Christopher Naumann
The decision was made to proceed with direct cholangioscopy to facilitate extraction of the cystic duct stone and to clear the bile duct. With the guidewire in place and with subtle maneuvering, the enteroscope was advanced through the ampulla into the common bile duct and common hepatic duct. The bilateral intrahepatic ducts, hilum, common hepatic duct, cystic stump, and common bile duct were examined. The impacted stone was extracted into the bile duct by placing the guidewire past the stone and then advancing the extraction balloon past the stone. The enteroscope was then withdrawn from the bile duct and the stone was extracted successfully (Figure 3d). Reintroduction of the enteroscope into the bile duct confirmed clearance of the cystic duct, and follow-up occlusion cholangiogram also showed no filling defects. After the procedure, the patient’s fever resolved and her liver tests returned to normal. She was later discharged, requiring no further intervention.