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Medicinal Plants of Mongolia
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Narantuya Samdan, Odonchimeg Batsukh
An aqueous extract of the plant stimulated production of bile with slight dose dependency. The effect was compared to a control compound, cynarin, which is recognized for choleretic activity. An extract examined on organ preparations isolated from the uterus, aorta, heart, arteria pulmonalis, and the terminal ileum showed constringing activity (Obmann, 2010).
Liver disease
Published in Catherine Nelson-Piercy, Handbook of Obstetric Medicine, 2020
It is a choleretic agent that reduces serum bile acids. UDCA stimulates the expression of transporters for canalicular and basolateral bile acid export as well as the canalicular phospholipid flippase.
Alagille Syndrome
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
For patients with cholestasis, supportive treatment with choleretic agents (e.g., ursodeoxycholic acid, naltrexone, rifampin, colesevelam, and cholestyramine) helps ameliorate debilitating pruritus and disfiguring xanthomas. Surgical partial internal biliary diversion and ileal exclusion are also helpful in controlling itch and xanthomas. Kasai procedure (hepatic portoenterostomy), which is often used in patients with biliary atresia, seems to worsen the outcome of ALGS. Liver transplantation may be considered for end-stage liver disease (about 15% of ALGS patients, who tend to have a high serum total bilirubin between 12–24 months of age together with fibrosis on liver biopsy and xanthomata on physical examination), as it improves liver function and catch-up growth in 90% of cases and has a 5-year survival rate of 80% [26].
Investigational drugs in early phase development for primary biliary cholangitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2021
Eric M. Gochanour, Kris V. Kowdley
Ursodeoxycholic acid, a hydrophilic bile acid, was the first therapeutic agent approved by the FDA in 1997 for the treatment of PBC and remains the current first-line therapy [1,2]. The mechanism of action is complex and assumed to be related to the choleretic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating properties of the drug [6,7]. Recommended adult dosage is 13 − 15 mg/kg/day typically administered in two divided doses but can also be given as a single dose [8]. Higher and lower dosages has been studied but neither has shown added benefit [9]. Side effects of UDCA are typically mild and include weight gain, gastrointestinal symptoms, and hair thinning [1].
Safety considerations for the management of cholestatic itch
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2021
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family and are classified in three subtypes, namely, PPAR-α, PPAR-δ, and PPAR-γ, with the former being the most strongly expressed in hepatocytes. Activation by ligands has been associated with a reduction of bile acid overload inside the hepatocyte, increased phospholipid excretion into bile canaliculi and the inhibition of proinflammatory agents within the liver and biliary tree resulting in a net choleretic and anti-inflammatory effect that has proven to be beneficial in cholestatic disorders [39].
Curcumin inhibits cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury and cell apoptosis in rats through the ERK–CHOP–caspase-11 pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yue Chen, Lixia Zhang, Zengtai Yang, Jie Yu
Curcumin is a natural effective ingredient extracted from the rhizomes of Araceae and Zingiberaceae. It has many pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammation, choleretic effects, antibacterial infection, antitumor, lipid-lowering effects, antioxidation and immunomodulation (Chen et al. 2014). Studies have reported (Cheng et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2015) that curcumin has a significant effect in the treatment of CIRI, can suppress neuroinflammation caused by cerebral ischaemia, and inhibit cell apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism is less studied.