China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Vaginal Microbiome
Published in Carlos Simón, Carmen Rubio, Handbook of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Shahriar Mowla, Phillip R. Bennett, David A. MacIntyre
Recent work from our laboratories has further explored the relationship between the vaginal microbiota and a specific sub-group of preterm birth, namely preterm pre-labor rupture of the fetal membranes (PPROM) (125,126). PPROM proceeds around 30–40% of preterm birth cases (127) and is associated with increased risk of poor maternal and neonatal outcomes as the uterine cavity and fetus become exposed to potentially pathogenic vaginal bacteria (128–134). Our findings showed that vaginal dysbiosis characterized by Lactobacillus species' depletion increased bacterial diversity and presence of potential pathogens is significantly more prevalent in women who subsequently experience PPROM (29). Moreover, the event of membrane rupture itself additionally promotes sub-optimal vaginal microbiota colonization, which may be further exacerbated by specific antibiotic treatment (erythromycin) widely used clinically in an attempt to prolong pregnancy and reduce neonatal morbidity following PPROM (50). This seems to have consequences for the mother and neonate following delivery. In this study cohort, the vaginal microbiota of women with chorioamnionitis with funisitis were enriched for Prevotella, Sneathia, Peptostreptococcus, and Catonella species, and had raised C-reactive protein (a systemic marker of inflammation) and white blood cell counts. Moreover, in cases developing early onset neonatal sepsis, maternal vaginal swabs collected closest to the time of delivery were enriched for Streptococcus agalactiae, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, Catonella, and Sneathia species. Interestingly, maternal colonization by Lactobacillus crispatus was associated with protection against early onset neonatal sepsis following PPROM.
The oral microbiome in alcohol use disorder: a longitudinal analysis during inpatient treatment
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
JJ Barb, KA Maki, N Kazmi, BK Meeks, M Krumlauf, RT Tuason, AT Brooks, NJ Ames, D Goldman, GR Wallen
The combined decrease in several periodontitis-associated genera and equivocal change in health-associated genera led to an overall decrease in SDI over time. Although the differences look minimal when looking at the overall response in SDI, the dramatic decreases in several periodontitis-associated bacteria indicate that abstinence from alcohol has a positive impact on the oral microbiome and oral health. Finally, the RA of many periodontitis-associated genera was higher in patients with M/S periodontal disease when compared to those in patients with N/M periodontal disease even when investigating samples from the tongue dorsum, which is expected given the periodontal disease diagnosis. In a 2019 study, tongue dorsum samples were used to investigate systemic disease and especially, periodontal disease, validating that this oral sampling niche can be used to investigate the oral microbiome and oral health [57,58]. In our study, interestingly, Porphyromonas and Catonella were significantly higher in N/M at the end of treatment (P < .04 and mean M/S: 0.11 ± 0.1, mean N/M: 0.05 ± 0.07, P < .03 respectively), even though they were previously found to be elevated in periodontitis samples.
Association of the oral microbiome with the progression of impaired fasting glucose in a Chinese elderly population
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Rui-Rui Wang, Yue-Song Xu, Meng-Meng Ji, Li Zhang, Dong Li, Qing Lang, Lei Zhang, Guang Ji, Bao-Cheng Liu
Several features of the oral microbiota have been reported to be related with T2D. Although using a small cohort of morbid obese patients, it has been reported that obese individuals with T2D showed lower levels of Bifidobacteria [7]. Another study revealed that the phylum Actinobacteria and genera such as Actinomyces and Atopobium, which belong to the phylum Actinobacteria, were significantly less abundant in patients with T2D compared to healthy controls [8]. However, in our study we reported an increase of several hyperglycemia-associated bacterial genera such as Leptotrichia, Staphylococcus, Catonella, and Bulleidia in the VH group. Leptotrichia has been previously linked with periodontal diseases [18]. Staphylococcus is a more common pathogenic genus which could induce cross-infection and dissemination from the oral cavity to other body sites [19,20]. Several species from the genus Catonella have been considered as candidate periodontal pathogens [21]. Bulleidia has also been reported to be enriched in children with dental caries [22]. It is now well accepted that the gut microbiota may induce systemic inflammation, which could result in the insulin resistance and T2D [23,24]. Although the amount of bacteria in the mouth is much less than in the gut, oral bacteria can migrate to other body sites, causing inflammation both locally and systemically [9,25]. The enrichment of these opportunistic pathogens in the elderly patients with diabetes may contribute to inflammation and insulin resistance. So, the oral dysbacteriosis may not only represent a typical feature of hyperglycemia, but might also contribute to the disease progression.
Microbiology of molar–incisor hypomineralization lesions. A pilot study
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
Miguel Hernández, Paloma Planells, Eva Martínez, Alex Mira, Miguel Carda-Diéguez
Moreover, we found other examples of studies that associated the Hypo-related species with periodontitis. For example, Centipeda periodontii has been associated with periodontitis in Taiwanese patients [27]. Siqueira and Roças found Catonella morbi in 33% of root canals in chronic apical periodontitis and in 26% of primary endodontic infections by amplifying the 16S rRNA gene [28]. Finally, in two studies using next-generation sequencing technologies in which the microbiota of healthy and periodontitis patients was compared, a significant abundance of Catonella was detected in those affected [29,30].