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Laboratory of citizenship
Published in Kah Seng Loh, Li Yang Hsu, Tuberculosis – The Singapore Experience, 1867–2018, 2019
As a citizenship programme, the anti-tuberculosis policy laid out the rules and norms for the cure and prevention of the disease within the framework of the nation-state. The curative aspect encompassed outpatient treatment for treatable cases, supported by an allowance scheme for the needy; and the work of outpatient dispensaries for the people living in outlying areas. The prevention of tuberculosis involved visits by almoners and nurses to the homes of patients and their contacts; mass X-ray screening of selected groups of people and the general population; and extensive public education. The citizenship conferring role of tuberculosis control continued with the launch of the ‘directly observed treatment short course’ (DOTS) in the Singapore Tuberculosis Elimination Programme in 1997. All these measures extended the social reach of government policy and shaped people’s attitudes and behaviour towards the disease, though not with complete success.
TB free India by 2025: hype or hope
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
The National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) focus on addressing comorbidities (e.g. HIV, diabetes, and tobacco use), vulnerable and marginalized populations, and active case finding strategies have aided in early detection of the disease and customized treatment for patients [14]. Likewise, integration with programs such as Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), school health systems, Nutrition Rehabilitation Centers, and Health and Wellness Centers, have contributed to significant increases in notification rates, reductions in disease transmission and a decline in TB incidence and helping the Government of India to effectively reduce TB transmission in a coordinated fashion [7]. Considerable progress has also been made in addressing Drug-Resistant TB with a focus on DST guided treatment, the introduction of newer drugs (like Bedaquiline, Delamanid), and injection-free regimens for DR TB [7].
Build back better: Advances in tuberculosis research in Canada & globally in 2020
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2021
Jonathon R. Campbell, James C. Johnston, Dick Menzies
Until 2020, tuberculosis was the leading cause of infectious disease death globally.1 While important progress has been made in the past 15 years on a global level—with tuberculosis incidence declining nearly 25%—a minimal amount has been made in Canada.1,2 Indigenous people and persons born outside of Canada still bear a disproportionate burden of tuberculosis in Canada, with the most impacted Indigenous peoples being the Inuit.3,4 Although prevention efforts will be strengthened by new findings of how tuberculosis is spread5 and implementation of shorter and safer preventative regimens,6 achieving elimination in the most affected Inuit communities will require substantial engagement and better understanding of the fundamental causes of the continued tuberculosis burden in these communities. Among persons born outside of Canada, research continues to demonstrate that tuberculosis elimination requires coordinated investment in global tuberculosis prevention and care.7 Unfortunately, this is jeopardized by the shortfall in funding for the global EndTB Strategy that has increased in recent years.1,8,9
Toward a generation free of tuberculosis: TB disease and infection in individuals of college age in the United States
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2018
N. S. Shah, A. Flood-Bryzman, C. Jeffries, J. Scott
The CDC Division of Tuberculosis Elimination is mandated to eliminate TB in the United States. The National TB Program Objective and Performance target is to decrease the TB incidence to 1.4 cases per 100,000 population by 2020: 11.1 cases per 100,000 among foreign-born individuals and 0.4 cases per 100,000 in US-born individuals.16 Our analysis showed a TB case incidence of 2.82 per 100,000 among all individuals between 18–24 years old. When stratified by nativity, foreign-born individuals in the same age group had a TB incidence of 18.8 cases per 100,000. Our estimate was lower than findings from a study of foreign-born college students from 2004 to 2007, which showed a TB case incidence of 48.1 cases per 100,000 person-years.17 Both estimates highlight the importance of TB prevention efforts in this population in order to reach the 2020 goals.