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Mood (Affective) Disorders
Published in Bernat-N. Tiffon, Atlas of Forensic and Criminal Psychology, 2022
To provide context for, and examples of, the situations presented in Table 6.6: Example of situation 1: The subject states that they want to kill themselves by slitting their wrist(s) in the bathroom, but does not lock the door to prevent entry from someone who might rescue them.Example of situation 2: Clear instance of someone trying to call attention to themselves (e.g., those with histrionic personality disorder or borderline personality disorder).Example of situation 3: The subject shows that they want to kill themselves by slitting their wrist(s) in the bathroom and locking the door to prevent someone from coming in and saving them.Example of situation 4: A lack of danger because there is not a high degree of lethality.
The Value of Animal Models in Endotoxin Research
Published in Helmut Brade, Steven M. Opal, Stefanie N. Vogel, David C. Morrison, Endotoxin in Health and Disease, 2020
While such findings may well provide statistically valid data to support the claim of clinical efficacy of an experimental treatment, it should be remembered that in many animal models of endotoxin lethality, the actual dose-response lethality profiles manifest very steep slopes at the inflection point. What this means is that a relatively modest increase in the dose can dramatically affect lethality. Often, simply doubling or tripling the dose of endotoxin challenge can alter the lethality function from 0% to virtually 100%. As a consequence, were a given therapeutic agent capable of only a 50% shift in the dose-response profile of lethality, this might well be reflected in a 100% reduction to 0% mortality on a Kaplan-Meier survival curve.
The Genetics of Spontaneous Abortions
Published in Howard J.A. Carp, Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, 2020
47,XXY and 47,XYY each occur in about 1 per 800 live-born male births. 47,XXX occurs in 1 per 800 female births. X or Y polysomies are only slightly (10%) more common in abortuses than in live borns [55]. Thus, there is little additional lethality, and that occurring probably is due to increased anomalies (e.g., cardiac).
The use of remdesivir for the management of patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19: a systematic review
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Kaeshaelya Thiruchelvam, Chia Siang Kow, Muhammad Abdul Hadi, Syed Shahzad Hasan
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic since its first emergence in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019 [1]. The pandemic has plummeted many parts of the world into a protracted economic, medical, and social crisis [2]. Patients with COVID-19 present with a wide spectrum of severity ranging from asymptomatic, to mild disease (i.e. absence of pneumonia or mild pneumonia), and to severe/critical life-threatening disease manifested as acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) or multiorgan dysfunction [3–5]. Patients with severe illness typically present with dyspnea and low blood oxygen levels, requiring oxygen therapy or intensive respiratory support with mechanical ventilation [6]. Given the lethality of COVID-19 in which the case fatality rate ranged from approximately 1% to 12% [7], it is crucial to identify an effective treatment for patients with a severe course of illness, since oxygen supplementation and supportive care may not be sufficient to prevent deaths [8]. In addition, effective treatment is also required for patients with moderate course of illness to prevent further deterioration in their clinical progress.
Firearms and psychiatry
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2021
One reason that firearms play such a large role in suicide rates is their lethality. Their presence in the environment does not make a person more likely to harbour suicidal thoughts or change their core psychiatric symptoms in any meaningful way. So, who are the suicide decedents who use a firearm rather than another accessible, but less lethal, method? In this volume, Bond et al. compare suicide decedents who used firearms to those who died by hanging and found that firearm ownership itself was the major differentiating risk factor. That is, it is simply access to a firearm which influences that choice of method, beyond any other tested factor. Later in this issue, Thomas et al. undertake a deeper dive into method selection, method switching, resultant fatality, and the predictors of re-attempt. Their findings highlight the importance of method lethality but provide hope for ongoing survival after non-fatal attempts. Both studies underscore a need for psychiatrists to counsel patients and their caregivers regarding lethal means access— a conversation that Salhi et al. then demonstrate to be feasible and welcome by clinicians in emergency departments.
A new player in the game: platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in dengue hemorrhagic fever
Published in Platelets, 2020
Marisol Perez-Toledo, Nonantzin Beristain-Covarrubias
Dengue infection is the most prevalent human arbovirus disease worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) about half of the world’s population is now at risk of being infected with Dengue Virus (DENV) [2]. Although most DENV infections develop as self-resolving febrile illnesses (Dengue fever), a proportion of individuals are at risk of progressing to a severe form of the disease. Thrombocytopenia and vascular leakage are clinical hallmarks of these severe forms of dengue that comprises bleeding (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever [DHF]) and multi-organ involvement (Dengue Shock Syndrome) [3]. The presence of hemorrhagic complications increases the lethality rates up to 20% amongst patients [2]. There is no current specific treatment against DENV and the options for vaccination are still limited. Therefore, finding new ways of approaching the infection, from finding biomarkers to identify individuals that are more likely to progress to severe disease, to finding potential therapeutic targets, is of critical importance to improve the outcome of patients.