China
Africa
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Exploring the Scope of Policy Issues Influencing IoT Health and Big Data: A Structured Review
Published in Adarsh Garg, D. P. Goyal, Global Healthcare Disasters, 2023
Over the years, digital tools have emerged as integral components of health systems. More recently, health communities have acknowledged the potential of emergent digital health technologies—notably the Internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and big data analytics—to transform healthcare (Laplante and Laplante, 2016; Raghupathi and Raghupathi, 2014; Wahl et al., 2018). By tapping the potential of health data sets, novel technologies improve individual and population health outcomes (Vayena et al., 2018). In particular, big data technologies are being used to, among other applications, automate the analysis of medical images (Esteva et al., 2017), support clinical decisions (Liu et al., 2014), introduce learning health systems (Beane et al., 2019), model the trajectory of disease outbreaks (Al-qaness et al., 2021), and drive health policy (Mählmann et al., 2017).
Better Patient and Population Outcome
Published in Paul Batalden, Tina Foster, Sustainably Improving Health Care, 2022
Eugene C. Nelson, John Butterly, Thomas A. Colacchio, Melanie Mastanduno, Tina Foster, Paul Batalden
Sustainable and continuous improvement of health care in both the domains of quality and cost calls for a tripartite focus: better outcomes of care, better system performance, and better professional formation and development. If better health outcomes are to be realized for people, patients, and populations, then it will be necessary to measure changes in health status that occur over time. The primary focus of this chapter is on using measures of health to track improvement in health outcomes for individuals and populations served by academic medical centers. We begin the chapter with a case study to frame the issues and to illustrate key principles. Next we explore the topic of measuring health outcomes by discussing a model of health, methods for measuring health, and specific practical measures of health. We conclude the chapter with a brief discussion on integrating the “outcomes” point of the triangle with the other two points and with a warning about problems that could arise if we were to place too much emphasis on measuring health outcomes and miss the point of improving or optimizing the actual health experienced by people, patients, and populations.
Public policies in building a healthy community
Published in Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong, The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
Community health practitioners are health workers who either conduct outreach beyond primary health care facilities or are based at peripheral health posts that are not normally staffed by doctors or nurses (WHO, 2018, p. 22). CHPs should be viewed as a critical element of integrated systems of health care (Pérez & Martinez, 2008). They play important roles in shaping key health outcomes (Viswanathan et al., 2009) by linking people to vital services and addressing the rights of individuals and communities (Pérez & Martinez, 2008).
What predicts the technical efficiency in healthcare systems of OECD countries? A two-stage DEA approach
Published in International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2023
The performance of a healthcare system consists of effectiveness and efficiency dimensions. Clinical results and improvements in health outcomes due to these results are the effectiveness of a healthcare system [12, 13]. The efficiency of a healthcare system consists of technical efficiency and allocative efficiency. Technical efficiency refers to producing the maximum output(s) with the available input(s) and/or producing the output(s) with the minimum input(s) [12, 14]. Allocative efficiency is to direct the resources to expenditures and/or investments proving the maximum benefit [15]. This study aimed to measure the technical efficiency of healthcare systems of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries with the help of a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and to reveal the factors affecting the technical efficiency of healthcare systems via a panel Tobit regression model.
From individualised treatment goals to personalised rehabilitation in osteoarthritis: a longitudinal prospective mapping study using the WHO international classification for functioning, disability and health
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Sinisa Stefanac, Claudia Oppenauer, Michael Zauner, Martina Durechova, Daffodil Dioso, Daniel Aletaha, Gerhard Hobusch, Reinhard Windhager, Tanja Stamm
For the first time, we categorised the most important individually reported functional goals of patients with OA and linked them to the ICF categories according to the established standard linking rules. As the human lifespan as well as the number of people affected by OA worldwide increase, there is a growing need to identify and evaluate rehabilitation outcomes that are relevant to people with OA. Since many widely used outcome measures already exist in everyday (non)clinical practice, choosing the right assessment tools where patients define their own goals is considered to be client-centered. Such treat-to-target agreements between patients and health care providers present a step towards more personalised precision medicine, which will eventually lead to better reported functional and health outcomes. In OA patients, the GAS instrument can be used to measure health outcomes at different time points and its content may be linked to ICF providing a unified language and conceptual scientific basis.
Health literacy of cardiology patients: determinants and effects on patient outcomes
Published in Social Work in Health Care, 2021
According to Donabedian (2003,), health outcomes refer to changes (expected or unexpected) that are attributable to the healthcare services offered to individuals or communities. Health literacy is vital in the sense that individuals’ health literacy levels are related to their health outcomes. Individuals with low health literacy levels have been shown to experience negative outcomes 1.5–3 times more than those with higher health literacy (Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, 2013). Significant associations have been found between low level of health literacy and frequent hospitalization, frequent use of emergency services, low rates of mammography or flu vaccine from preventive healthcare services, low level of proper drug use, low level of skills in interpreting health messages and labels, poor health status and higher mortality rate (Berkman et al., 2011). The Institute of Medicine (2004) identified relationships between low health literacy and healthcare services, namely, decreasing knowledge of disease management and health promotion behaviors, increasing hospitalization rates, decreasing use of preventive health services and increasing cost of healthcare services.