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Personalized Nutrition
Published in Nilanjana Maulik, Personalized Nutrition as Medical Therapy for High-Risk Diseases, 2020
Diego Accorsi, Seetur R. Pradeep, Jennifer Hubbard, Rajesh Lakshmanan, Nilanjana Maulik, Mahesh Thirunavukkarasu
The effects of the environment have been well-documented in the literature (Sabate, Harwatt et al. 2016). The ‘environment’ includes any type of external influence, and can be either acute or chronic, random/unavoidable (e.g., urban pollution or the effect of solar radiation on vitamin D levels) or volitional (e.g., smoking), generalized to a population (e.g., exposure to fluoridated drinking water) or specific to an individual (e.g., chronic consumption of sweetened beverages) as well as biological or behavioral in nature (e.g., food preferences due to social-religious reasons) (Holick 2006) (Montonen, Jarvinen et al. 2007). Another critical feature affecting an individual’s nutritional phenotype is the availability of food resources. Though many consumers have access to balanced and diverse foods throughout the year, others lack affordable diversity based on locality, climate and socioeconomic limitations (Drescher, Thiele et al. 2007). All together, these factors are termed the ‘exposome,’ and all have the potential to affect an individual’s phenotype directly or indirectly.
Bias, Conflict of Interest, Ignorance, and Uncertainty
Published in Ted W. Simon, Environmental Risk Assessment, 2019
These biomarkers also represent the exposome. The exposome has been defined as all environmental exposures from conception onwards, including those related to diet and lifestyle.122 The exposome also includes endogenous exposures to chemicals, as discussed in Chapter 5. Because the exposome represents these combined exposures in their entirety, it provides an unbiased agnostic assessment for evaluating the causes of disease, environmental or otherwise.123 Assessed by sampling and analysis of body fluids, the exposome represents a top-down approach to exposure, whereas measurements of chemicals in soil, air, water, and food would represent a bottom-up approach to exposure.
Environment, pregnancy complications, and omics
Published in Moshe Hod, Vincenzo Berghella, Mary E. D'Alton, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Eduard Gratacós, Vassilios Fanos, New Technologies and Perinatal Medicine, 2019
The term “omics” refers to high-throughput technologies capable of analyzing massive data. These include the study of genes (“genomics”), transcription products (“transcriptomics”), proteins (“proteomics”), and metabolites (“metabolomics”). The field of omics aims to identify genetic variations and differences between individuals in the transcription of genetic factors to protein and metabolites; these may affect susceptibility to a specific disorder or adverse perinatal outcome (43). The concept of “exposome,” introduced in 2005, includes all environmental exposures of a given person from conception onward; together, these complement the human genome, exposing to various disease risks. These environmental exposures may be classified into several domains. The initial and most general domain involves one's living environment and climate factors. The second, a more specific domain, involves occupational exposures, smoking, and lifestyle factors. The third, the internal environment, includes exposure to gut microbiota and inflammatory states. The Human Early-Life Exposome (HELIX) project was established to analyze environmental exposures during the fetal and early childhood periods, and their relation to the development of diseases later in life, utilizing methods such as omics-based approaches (44).
Exploring the internal exposome of seminal plasma with semen quality and live birth: A Pilot Study
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2023
Emily Houle, YuanYuan Li, Madison Schroder, Susan L McRitchie, Tayyab Rahil, Cynthia K Sites, Susan Jenkins Sumner, J. Richard Pilsner
The CDC defines the exposome as the measure of all exposures an individual accumulates over a lifetime and how these exposures then relate to health (NIOSH 2022). Exposomics is a comprehensive exposure assessment term that is divided into two main branches: the internal and external exposome. The external exposome captures an individual’s exposures to the built environment, environmental stressors, and lifestyle behaviors through surveys and sensor technology. Alternatively, the assessment of the internal exposome relies primarily on quantitative -OMICS approaches including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, etc., to generate large-scale biomarker datasets. Of the -OMICS techniques currently available to interrogate the internal exposome, metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool to understand associations between the endogenous and exogenous metabolites in biological matrices and human health (Panner Selvam et al. 2021). There are two primary approaches within metabolomics, untargeted and targeted analyses (Cajka and Fiehn 2016), both of which have advantages and limitations. As the name suggests, untargeted metabolomics provides an unbiased/discovery approach by analyzing all detectable metabolites/signals, known or unknown, within the biological sample. Alternatively, targeted metabolomics measures an a priori investigator-selected group or panel of metabolites.
Dermocosmetics: beneficial adjuncts in the treatment of acne vulgaris
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Elena Araviiskaia, Jose Luis Lopez Estebaranz, Carlo Pincelli
Exposome factors can impact the severity and duration of acne, as the skin is a major interface between the external environment and the body (8). Exposome is the term used to describe the collective environmental factors that an individual is exposed to in their lifetime (9). For instance, aggressive skin care regimens and inappropriate cosmetics (e.g. too greasy or oily, soaps with an alkaline pH) (10) can cause acne flares by changing the skin barrier and microbiota, thus triggering inflammation (8). Additionally, ultraviolet (UV) rays have been found to thicken the stratum corneum and increase sebum production and comedone formation, leading to changes in the skin microbiota and exacerbation of acne (8,11,12). As such, exposure to detrimental environmental factors should be limited; skincare products should be carefully selected to improve skin barrier function and limit irritation, and daily photoprotection is important to minimize UV exposure (8).
Low dose of uranium induces multigenerational epigenetic effects in rat kidney
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018
Stéphane Grison, Ghada Elmhiri, Céline Gloaguen, Christelle Elie, Dimitri Kereselidze, Karine Tack, Philippe Lestaevel, Audrey Legendre, Line Manens, Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud, Jean-Marc Lobaccaro, Maâmar Souidi
The incidence of metabolic diseases, neurological disorders and cancers is increasing in populations and still animates the debate about risk, particularly those associated with early-life environmental exposures. As reported, such health risk has become a major social and economic concern for civil society (Poore et al. 2017). In this context, to study the environmental impact on health, scientists have recently defined the exposome as all exposures that an individual undergoes throughout his life (Wild 2012; Siroux et al. 2016). Unfortunately, the difficulty in addressing this topic does not allow making conclusions for most environmental stressors. Firstly, there is the lack of experimental, epidemiological and clinical data on this topic. Secondly, as for endocrine disrupting chemicals (Vandenberg et al. 2012) or ionizing radiation (Ray et al. 2012), biological dose-response relationship differs between low-dose and high-dose exposures. Thirdly, close to the homeostatic background, it is difficult to estimate the occurrence of subtle molecular effects influenced by many confounding factors (Mothersill and Seymour 2009, 2014). Finally, in the absence of proven morbidity, the ability to predict delayed adverse and even multigenerational effects of such exposures remains tricky.