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Parasites and Conservation Biology
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2023
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
An example of the impact of combinations of stressors including parasites in endangering vulnerable species is provided by Darwin’s finches of the Galápagos Islands also discussed in Chapter 7. As you know,the islands have been colonized by a parasitic fly,Philornis downsii,the larvae of which attack and kill or severely damage the nestlings of finches,including those of the insectivorous warbler finch,Certhidea olivacea. The islands have also been invaded by several plant species which threaten unique habitatswith endemic plants heavily used by various species of finches. Attempts to control the introduced weeds though had the effect of further increasing the adverse effects of the fly parasite on C. olivacea nestlings. This was because nesting birds were then unable to feed their nestlings with the arthropods living among the introduced weed plants. Here an interaction between parasitism and compromised habitat quality further complicates problems in managing an endemic and vulnerable iconic species.
Genome-Editing Strategy for Medicinal Plants Growing under Adverse Environmental Pollution
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Medicinal plants and endemic plants are very important for the livelihood of humans. More than 60 per cent of the world’s population depend on plant-derived medicines (Boukhatem and Setzer 2020). Medicinal plants along with other plants are affected a lot by climate change. Climate change is one of the most serious challenges to humankind. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), there will be unpredictable changes in the climate with a likely increase in temperature from 1.4ºC to 5.8ºC. Some of the major key factors affecting endemic populations are habitat destruction, a decline in natural pollinators (due to excessive insecticide use), over-harvesting, and climate change (Lahn 2021).
Antifungal Activity Validation of Wild Plants used in Argentine Ethnomedicine
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Norma Hortensia Álvarez, Laura Noemí Fernandez, Gisela Marisol Seimandi, María Inés Stegmayer, Verónica Eugenia Ruiz, Marcos Gabriel Derita
The Argentine Republic has a great plant diversity of which only a small percentage has been investigated. Many of the plants that inhabit our region are native and a large percentage of them are endemic. Particularly in the Argentine territory, there are 1,914 endemic species, out of a total of 9,689 species, which represents approximately 20% of the total species present in the country. This high degree of endemism represents a huge genetic reservoir, still little known in terms of its usefulness. It is important to bear in mind that there is a risk of extinction of some species due to the anthropic impact, losing an incalculable biodiversity potential (Del Vitto et al. 1997a, Scarpa 2004).
Isoquinoline alkaloids isolated from Glaucium corniculatum var. corniculatum and Glaucium grandiflorum subsp. refractum var. torquatum with bioactivity studies
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Tuba Kusman Saygi, Nur Tan, Gülbahar Özge Alim Toraman, Caglayan Unsal Gurer, Osman Tugay, Gulacti Topcu
In the Flora of Turkey, the genus Glaucium is represented by 12 taxa, 7 of which are endemic. Glaucium grandiflorum Boiss.& Huet. has two varieties, var. grandiflorum Boiss.& Huet. and var. torquatum Cullen, the latter is an endemic species. Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rud. is one of the biodiverse species with three subspecies; subsp. phoeniceum (Crantz) Holmboe, subsp. refractum (Nábelek) Cullen, subsp. tricolor (Besser) Holmboe and seven varieties; var. caricum (Stapf) Kuntze, var. corniculatum (L.) Rudolph, var. flavum (Crantz) Kuntze, var. fulvum (Sm.) Kuntze, var. grandiflorum (Boiss. & A.Huet) Kuntze, var. leiocarpum (Boiss.) Kuntze, var. pilosum Kuntze (Güner et al. 2012).
Economic and clinical impact of a novel, light-based, at-home antiviral treatment on mild-to-moderate COVID-19
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2022
Scott Gibson, Rhodri Saunders, Nathan Stasko, Cherrishe-Brown Bickerstaff, John Oakley, Mark Osterman, Rafael Torrejon Torres, Jonathan K. Kish, Bruce A. Feinberg, David Emerson
Early interventions such as RD-X19 that not only reduce days of symptomatic disease but also interrupt infection transmission could have a profound impact on the course of the pandemic. Over the past 2 years, we have experienced how the introduction of control measures resulted in significant benefits but also had unintended consequences. While we cannot model or predict the effects on human behavior with the introduction of this type of strategy, we believe that deployed as a complement to vaccines, interventions be they a device like RD-X19 or other antiviral therapies, can accelerate the transition from pandemic to endemic, helping the world return to pre-pandemic conditions. Further, they can maintain utility during the endemic stage by continuing to reduce morbidity, mortality, and direct health care costs, thereby providing relief for infected individuals and their families and reducing societal burdens.
Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis: the ‘migrating’ skin tumor
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2021
Michelle Alexandra Mistry, Jens Hoejvig, Marie Helleberg, Christen Rune Stensvold, Pikka Jokelainen, Anders Noehr, Christian Bonde
Higher awareness of Dirofilaria infections is required in the medical field [10]. Surgeons may initially mistake dirofilariasis for malignant disease if they are unacquainted with the infection. This can lead to significant distress for the patient and initial mismanagement and may include the unnecessary use of antibiotics [11,12]. Knowledge on (i) the typical location/migration of the nematode, (ii) whether Dirofilaria spp. are endemic to the region, (iii) the travel history of the patient, as well as (iv) the clinical symptoms associated with infection are all essential to establishing a diagnosis of dirofilariasis. Dirofilaria repens is often noted in the face, particularly around the eyes. High-resolution ultrasound imaging is useful for detecting movements of the parasite in subcutaneous nodules [13]. Distinguishing Dirofilaria from other nematodes mainly relies on morphology (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and/or DNA-based analyses [9,14]. Subcutaneous dirofilariasis should be treated by extraction of the nematode or surgical removal of the nodule. The benefits of anthelminthic drugs such as ivermectin are not clear; however, such drugs might help to stop the migration of the parasite [14,15].