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Hindbrain Neuroactive Substances Controlling Gastrointestinal Function
Published in T. S. Gaginella, Regulatory Mechanisms — in — Gastrointestinal Function, 2017
Zbigniew K. Krowicki, Pamela J. Hornby
Sauvagine, a peptide isolated from the skin of the South American frog176that is structurally related to CRF,177, 178 seems to have the same effects on gastric motor and secretory functions. When injected icv at doses from about 2 pmol to 4 nmol, the peptide decreased gastric acid secretion stimulated by gastric distension and by 2-deoxy-D-glucose179 as well as delayed gastric emptying, being much more potent in such an action than CRF.180
Multihormonal Control Of Melanotropin Secretion In Cold-Blooded Vertebrates
Published in Mac E. Hadley, The Melanotropic Peptides, 1988
Marie-Christine Tonon, Jean-Michel Danger, Marek Lamacz, Philippe Leroux, Saida Adjeroud, Ann C. Andersen, Kemenade Lidy Verburg-van, Bruce G. Jenks, Georges Pelletier, Lise Stoeckel, Arlette Burlet, Gotfryd Kupryszewski, Hubert Vaudry
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a 41-amino acid peptide which was initially purified and isolated on the basis of its ability to stimulate the secretion of ACTH and β-endorphin by the pituitary.349,350 This peptide meets many of the physiological criteria to characterize it as a natural CRF: synthetic CRF induces a dose-dependent release of ACTH and β- endorphin in vivo351 and in vitro352,353 without altering the release of other anterior pituitary hormone,354 and passive immunization of rats with rabbit anti-CRF serum reduces plasma ACTH levels.351 Two other nonmammalian peptides bearing sequence homologies with CRF, namely urotensin I and sauvagine, have been isolated and characterized from fish urophysis355 and frog skin,356 respectively. These peptides exhibit corticotropin-releasing activity in various species: urotensin I and ovine CRF are virtually equipotent in stimulating ACTH release in primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells357 whereas urotensine I is 3 times more potent than CRF to stimulate ACTH secretion from perifused fish pituitary.358 Evidence have now accumulated to indicate that CRF and CRF-related peptides may participate in the control of intermediate lobe secretion.
Prolonged toxicity from Kambo cleansing ritual
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2018
Kai Li, Howard Horng, Kara Lynch, Craig G. Smollin
Examination of extracts of both fresh and dried skins found an enormous variety of active peptides from seven families including caeruleins, tachykinins, bradykinins, bombesins, sauvagine, tryptophyllins and opioid peptides [4]. Early gastrointestional symptoms of nausea and vomiting are predominantly attributed to caerulein, a peptide that induces gallbladder contraction and is known to be a potent stimulator of gastric and pancreatic secretions [2]. Caerulein also produces anorexia and analgesia. Sauvagine causes hypotention and tachycardia due to peripheral vasodilation [2]. In addition, sauvagine increased plasma corticosteroid levels in rat models and may explain the reported sensation of increased strength and stamina experienced during the later phase of intoxication [4].
Molecular and endocrine mechanisms involved in preterm birth
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Elena Pisacreta, Paolo Mannella
Major maternal psycho-social stress (such as depression, anxiety, low socioeconomic status, precarious workers) can activate maternally and, consequently, fHPA. In the same way, uteroplacental vascular insufficiency, such as decidual hemorrhage, placental abruption or preeclampsia, are the main causes of fetal stress causing the activation of fHPA. Hence, due to maternal or fetal problems, there is an increase of stress hormones: cortisol, vasopressin, catecholamines, oxytocin and corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) family (which includes not only CRH but also Urotensin-I, Urocortin and Sauvagine).