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DRCOG MCQs for Circuit C Questions
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Fetal causes of polyhydramnios include:Oesophageal atresia.Anencephaly.Umbilical hernia.Spina bifida.Renal agenesis.
Genetics and metabolic disorders
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
3.5. For which of the following conditions is prenatal diagnosis possible by high resolution ultrasound scanning prior to 20 weeks' gestation?Renal agenesis.Anencephaly.Down syndrome.Fetal sex.Cystic fibrosis.
Renal and urinary tract diseases
Published in Angus Clarke, Alex Murray, Julian Sampson, Harper's Practical Genetic Counselling, 2019
The estimates of the recurrence risk in sibs range from 3% to 8% for bilateral renal agenesis, which may have associated congenital abnormalities. There may be some additional risk for unilateral agenesis (often undetected without ultrasound). See the previous section, ‘Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney Disease (Renal Hypo-/Dysplasia)’. Whereas that condition is caused by heterozygous variants in any of several genes, ‘pure’ renal agenesis may sometimes result from homozygous variants at a different locus.
Clinical Presentations and Diagnostic Imaging of VACTERL Association
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Gabriele Tonni, Çağla Koçak, Gianpaolo Grisolia, Giuseppe Rizzo, Edward Araujo Júnior, Heron Werner, Rodrigo Ruano, Waldo Sepulveda, Maria Paola Bonasoni, Mario Lituania
Renal anomalies occur in approximately 50-80% of patients with VACTERL association [32,33]. The renal abnormality spectrum ranges from renal agenesis to horseshoe kidney and MCDKD, which may be also associated with limb defects such as oligodactyly of the foot [50] (Figures 11 and 12), and crossed renal ectopia may be seen (Figures 13 and 14). In some studies, the most common renal manifestation seen in patients with VACTERL association is renal agenesis [51,52] (Figures 15 and 16). In a cohort study conducted by Cunningham et al. [53], vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in addition to a structural defect was the most common renal anomaly, followed by renal agenesis. Stenosis of the urethra with an enlarged bladder, resembling lower urinary tract obstruction, can also be observed [54]. Urinary anomalies represent a series of diseases capable of causing major morbidity, some of which can be life-threatening. These anomalies often go unrecognized or overlooked, affecting the child’s growth and the future chance of transplant success [55]. In the postnatal period, examination with a voiding cystourethrogram may be required in cases with VUR [5]. Renal agenesis can be diagnosed using US and/or MRI. Renal agenesis and renal artery absence, hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney on US, and MRI with the ipsilateral adrenal gland “lying-down” in the pelvis are recognized MRI diagnostic clusters [56].
The feasibility of one-stage flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy in solitary kidney patients with 1–3 cm renal stones and risk factors of renal function changes
Published in Renal Failure, 2021
Yang Pan, Han Chen, Hualin Chen, Xiaoxiang Jin, Yunxiao Zhu, Gang Chen
In total, 76 solitary kidney patients with 10–30 mm renal stones, who were managed by f-URS, were included in our study. There were 40 and 36 patients in the PS and NPS group, respectively. The age ranged from 29 to 80 years, and 56.6% of all patients were male. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.3 ± 3.7 kg/m2. The greatest stone diameter was ranging from 10.0 to 28.4 mm and the average value was 16.8 ± 4.7 mm. The left and right side of renal stones were found in 36 cases and 40 cases, respectively. Twenty-six patients had previous contralateral nephrectomy history due to renal cell carcinoma (n = 15), renal pelvis carcinoma (n = 3), ureteral urothelial carcinoma (n = 4), severe purulent kidney (n = 1), tuberculosis of kidney (n = 2), and renal rupture hemorrhage (n = 1). Four cases had congenital renal agenesis and 46 patients were diagnosed with contralateral nonfunctional kidney.
A cross-sectional study of the genital duct and renal anomalies in Egyptian cases of congenital absence of the vas deferens
Published in Human Fertility, 2022
Taha AbdElnaser, Yasser Ibrahem Elkhiat, Hatem Mohamed El-Azizi, El Fatah, Mohamed Abd, Ahmed Mahmoud Elshibany, Sameh Fayek GamalEl Din
TRUS findings among most men with CUAVD in our study showed ipsilateral agenesis or hypoplasia of the seminal vesicles and vasa which were normal on the contralateral side. Remarkably, our study had demonstrated some renal anomalies especially renal agenesis. The incidence of unilateral renal agenesis is approximately 0.10% of adults, whereas bilateral renal agenesis is approximately 1 in 3000–4000 newborns (Carlson, 2018). This anomaly is mainly attributed to a faulty inductive interaction between the ureteric bud and the metanephrogenic mesenchyme as a result of mutations of RET and GDNF which are key players in the earliest induction of the ureteric bud that is seen in about 50.00% of human cases (Carlson, 2018). Our study has demonstrated that CUAVD was more frequently associated with renal agenesis, compared to the bilateral form which could be seen in line with the findings reported previously by Weiske et al. (2000). This finding was previously confirmed by Donohue and Fauver (1989) who reviewed 90 cases from the world literature and found ipsilateral renal agenesis in 79.00% of cases and pointed out that this might become dangerous for the patient. This high percentage could be explained by the fact that the cases reviewed in the aforementioned study were primarily patients with urologic problems not infertility problems, raising more possibility of exploring renal agenesis among such cases. On the contrary, a study conducted by Radpour et al. (2008) reported no cases of renal agenesis among 112 males with CBAVD and only one case of renal agenesis among 7 males with CUAVD. Recently, Akinsal et al. (2018) reported a ratio of renal agenesis as 38.90% and 18.50% for CUAVD and CBAVD cases, respectively.