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A pensioner with ‘waterworks’ problems
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Symptoms that a patient with an enlarged prostate gland may suffer include: hesitancypoor streamnocturiaurgencyincreased urinary frequencypost-micturition dribblepis en deux.
Prostate Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Malcolm Mason, Howard Kynaston
Several alternative forms of local treatment to the prostate gland have emerged in recent years. Cryotherapy involves the insertion of a thermal probe transperineally into the prostate, analogously to the brachytherapy technique discussed above, and the creation of a region of thermal injury due to the formation of an ice ball around the probe. As yet, this should not be offered as a standard curative option outside a formal study setting. It may have a role to play in the management of locally recurrent disease following radiotherapy. In its early years, cryotherapy was associated with substantial complications, most severely, the development of a rectourethral fistula. This is now less common with better control of the ice probe and better selection of patients, although complication rates are high when it is used as salvage therapy compared as primary therapy.
The Reproductive System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The prostate gland is located just below the bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra. Consisting of three lobes, the prostate in older men is susceptible to benign hypertrophy (also called BPH, for benign prostatic hypertrophy or benign prostatic hyperplasia). BPH is a condition In which the prostate, particularly the median lobe, becomes enlarged and presses on the urethra and base of the bladder, interfering with the flow of urine. The gland is also a major site of cancer in men.
Potential plasma microRNAs signature miR-190b-5p, miR-215-5p and miR-527 as non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer
Published in Biomarkers, 2023
Mohd Mabood Khan, Mohammad Serajuddin, Mausumi Bharadwaj
Currently, serum PSA (prostate specific antigen) level and a clinical inspection of the prostate gland such as DRE (digital rectal examination) are the key screening and detection methods for PCa diagnosis and assessment of histopathology of needle PCa biopsies. However, PSA specificity has a limitation, as elevated PSA levels can be linked with benign or PCa forms without discriminating disease severity and aggressiveness (Duffy 2014). Further, Gleason Score (GS) can be used to identify the severity of the disease for PCa tissue. It aids in determining a patient’s prognosis (Spires et al. 1994, Stamey et al. 1999, Lilleby et al. 2001) and provides guidance to the clinician as to the most appropriate course of treatment (Roach et al. 1994, Lughezzani et al. 2013). To prevent overtreatment of PCa and reduce the mortality rate, we need to re-design or transform the current diagnostic PCa biomarkers which should be more cancer specific and accurate (Velonas et al. 2013, Ziaran et al. 2015). In the current situation, lots of PCa biomarkers are available for diagnostic purposes, but their low sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy make them poor screening clinical tools. Therefore, a high specificity, more accurate non-invasive PCa biomarker, either alone or with PSA, would be the finest biomarker for PCa.
Men’s perception of information and descriptions of emotional strain in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer—a qualitative individual interview study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 2021
Maja Elisabeth Juul Søndergaard, Kirsten Lode, Svein Reidar Kjosavik, Sissel Eikeland Husebø
The first theme addressed the participants’ perception of the received information from healthcare providers during the referral process and consultations at the outpatient clinic. The theme reveals that men have different needs for information and involvement in decisions. Being unaware that the GP had ordered a PSA test was a common experience among the participants. They described that their GP ordered the blood sample without giving further information about the actual reason for the test. A participant explained that he had consulted the GP because of pain in the groin area. The GP suggested that the pain could be caused by an enlarged prostate gland. After a pause of thinking, the participant explained that he was unsure if the GP had mentioned the word ‘cancer’. The participant had not received any information regarding the PSA test; therefore, he had not understood the relationship between the blood test and PCa.
Impact of biparametric prebiopsy prostate magnetic resonance imaging on the diagnostics of clinically significant prostate cancer in biopsy naïve men
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2020
Juha Knaapila, Venla Autio, Ivan Jambor, Otto Ettala, Janne Verho, Aida Kiviniemi, Pekka Taimen, Ileana Montoya Perez, Hannu J. Aronen, Kari T. Syvänen, Peter J. Boström
When there is a clinical suspicion of a PCa, which is commonly based on elevating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level or an abnormal finding in digital rectal examination (DRE), primary diagnostic protocol has formerly been based on 10–12 biopsy cores taken under ultrasound guidance from standard locations of prostate gland (standard biopsies, [SBs]). However, the low sensitivity of SBs for CSPCa has been shown in multiple previous studies [4,5]. Therefore, after negative SBs and a rising PSA level, re-biopsies should be considered. Remaining suspicion of a PCa with repeated biopsies is not only unpleasant for a patient, but the biopsies also include a risk of major complications, even if the risk with a modern antibiotic prophylaxis might be low [6–8]. Due to a high prevalence of PCa, this is also a burden to the healthcare system. Additionally, diagnostic delay gives time for progression to a non-diagnosed CSPCa. Thus, there is an evident need for an improved diagnostic protocol of PCa, enabling early correct histological diagnosis following suspicion of PCa.