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Urological Anti-cancer Agents
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Bernadett Szabados, Thomas Powles
Controlled by the luteinising hormone (LH) produced by the pituitary gland.LH is controlled by the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).LH is inhibited by testosterone via a negative feedback mechanism.
Principles of Pathophysiology of Infertility Assessment and Treatment*
Published in Asim Kurjak, Ultrasound and Infertility, 2020
Joseph G. Schenker, Aby Lewin, Menashe Ben-David
A variety of treatment schedules for gonadotropin administration for induction of ovulation have been devised. Nearly all of those schedules are based on the fact that treatment with gonadotropin preparations results specifically in follicular growth and maturation. The “variable technique” has been used more commonly; the daily dosage and duration of therapy depend on individual response. Gonadotropin preparations are very active agents for stimulating the ovary to ovulate, and with adequate therapy ovulation is achieved in 80 to 90% of the patients, although pregnancy can be expected in only 40 to 60%. The conception rate depends on the selection of patients, dose, regimen, and number of treatment cycles. Gonadotropin therapy can be applied in combination with different agents like clomiphene, Gn-RH, dexamethasone, and parlodel.
Medical treatment of endometriosis
Published in Caroline Overton, Colin Davis, Lindsay McMillan, Robert W Shaw, Charles Koh, An Atlas of ENDOMETRIOSIS, 2020
Caroline Overton, Colin Davis, Lindsay McMillan, Robert W Shaw, Charles Koh
The main side-effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists are the significant hypo-oestrogenic symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, mood changes, sleep disturbance and vaginal dryness. In addition, 6 months’ treatment results in a 3–5% loss in bone mineral density, which is at least partially reversible on cessation of treatment. Treatment is licensed for 6 months, although combined with add-back hormone replacement therapy, it has been continued for much longer.
The association between serum fatty acids and pregnancy in PCOS women undergoing ovulation induction
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Mingyue Li, Ye Tian, Yonghuan Lv, Yanping Xu, Xiaohong Bai, Huijuan Zhang, Yanxia Wang, Xueru Song
Patients received letrozole (LE 2.5 mg) or clomiphene citrate (CC 50 mg) for ovarian stimulation from Day 3 to Day 7 of the menstrual cycle. Ovarian stimulation was continued with a personalized gonadotropin from Day 9 of the menstrual cycle. Follicular monitoring by trans-vaginal ultrasonography (TVS) was performed until a mature follicle was detected. Dosage of the gonadotropins was adjusted according to ovarian response in each patient. A single injection of 8000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was given, if at least one follicle attained 18 mm. TVS was performed after 48 h of hCG injection to determine follicle rupture. Corpus luteum support was maintained for fourteen days after ovulation and patients with pregnancy continued corpus luteum support. Those patients without pregnancy stopped corpus luteum support and received ovulation induction at the next menstrual cycle. The total number of ovulation induction cycles that an individual patient received did not exceed six.
Influences of ovarian hormones on physiological responses to cold in women
Published in Temperature, 2022
Andrew M. Greenfield, Nisha Charkoudian, Billie K. Alba
While the roles of estrogens and progesterone are more thoroughly described, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) may also influence BAT thermogenesis. FSH is a gonadotropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles [176]. FSH begins to rise at the end of the luteal phase and continues in the early follicular phase, with a rapid rise in the pre-ovulatory phase [177]. In rodents, FSH influences energy metabolism by stimulating adipocyte lipid biosynthesis [178]. Interestingly, there is new evidence to suggest that FSH negatively regulates BAT thermogenesis, such that FSH blockade increases BAT activation and thermogenesis in mice [179]. This finding is supported by data demonstrating that FSH inhibits adipocyte UCP1 expression through reduced cAMP signaling [180]. However, no mechanistic studies examining FSH in humans with regard to BAT or thermoregulation have been performed. Therefore, significant research questions remain to whether there is a potential modulation of thermoregulatory function by FSH across the menstrual cycle.
Do follicular fluid advanced glycation end products levels affect the ovarian response in unexplained infertility?
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Banu Seven, Yasemin Tascı, Cavidan Gülerman, Tuba Candar, Kuntay Kokanalı, Yasemin Yüksel, Yesim Bardakcı, Yaprak Engin-Ustün
Cycle characteristics and outcomes of each groups were shown in Tables 2 and 3. Duration of gonadotropin treatment and total used doses of gonadotropins were similar among the groups. Sigificant differences were detected between the groups in terms of estradiol level on trigger day, number of retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes, 2PN and embryos (All p values were <.001). Estradiol on trigger day was significantly lower in SOR group (915.92 ± 199.87 pg/ml) compared to OR group (1625.15 ± 768.72 pg/ml) and HR group (2934.64 ± 1104.89 pg/ml). Since the study groups were formed according to the ovarian response, the number of oocytes retrieved and the number of mature oocytes were highest in the HR group and the lowest in the SOR group, but mature oocyte rate was similar among the groups (p = .832). Number of 2PN and number of embryos were significantly higher in HR group (8.07 ± 3.77 and 7.79 ± 3.64, respectively) compared to OR (4.48 ± 2.16 and 4.19 ± 2.11, respectively) and SOR group (2.89 ± 1.81 and 2.78 ± 1.89, respectively). On the other hand fertilization rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate and live birth rate(LBR) did not reveal any significant differences among the groups (All p values were >.005; Tables 2 and 3).