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Postmenopause
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Long-term estrogen deficiency can also place women at higher risk of chronic conditions that can develop about a decade after menopause begins. For example, estrogen has a protective effect on heart health. When estrogen decreases, heart disease and high cholesterol can develop. Another example is the role of estrogen in the strength and density of bones. Estrogen helps in slowing bone loss, so the risk of osteoporosis increases when estrogen levels decrease after menopause.
Estrogen-replacement therapy: the production of medical knowledge and the emergence of policy
Published in Ellen Lewin, Virginia Olesen, Women, Health, and Healing, 2022
Patricia A. Kaufert, Sonja M. McKinlay
Attitudes towards estrogen therapy between 1970 and 1973 were well summarized in a JAMA editorial (Kase 1974) which appeared in January, 1974, as a commentary on two reports published in the previous year. These were the products of conferences on the menopause to which the conclusion, according to Kase, was that high-dose estrogen replacement was inconclusive, and he advised that physicians could and should continue its prescription. This editorial made three points relevant to understanding the widespread use and popularity of estrogen therapy in the late 1960s and early 1970s. First, the menopause was defined as a deficiency disease which had potentially serious implications for women's health. Second, estrogen was the therapeutically logical method of managing this estrogen deficiency. Third, although the demand for estrogen by women was labeled as foolish (the product of media publicity touting its value as a "youth drug"), the widespread physician adoption of hormone therapy was based on "a sensible" assessment of its therapeutic worth.
Physical Activity for Women
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Ginger Garner, Wendy Farnen Price
Long-term effects of estrogen deficiency from menopause include osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and changes in body composition.74 The three main causes of illness and disability for postmenopausal women are CVD, breast and colorectal cancer, and osteoporosis-associated fractures.75 PA is beneficial in postmenopausal women for addressing pathophysiology of menopause-related health problems.74
Psychometric properties of the French Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale (HFRDIS)
Published in Climacteric, 2023
I. Cavadias, R. Rouzier, M. Milder, C. Bonneau, J. Mullaert, D. Hequet
The menopausal transition in women is associated with a fluctuation in hormones produced by the ovaries. It is induced by a progressive decrease, until total cessation, of ovarian activity at menopause. These hormonal changes translate into more or less significant symptoms reflecting estrogen deficiency at menopause. The main symptoms reported by patients are vasomotor symptoms, vaginal discomfort associated with vulvovaginal atrophy, and sleep and mood disorders. Vasomotor symptoms, including hot flashes and night sweats, are very common. Hot flashes affect approximately 80% of postmenopausal women, 25% of whom in a very disabling way [1]. These symptoms last on average 5–7 years but can last beyond 10 years [2,3]. The frequency and intensity of hot flashes are extremely variable depending on the individual and can significantly affect quality of life.
Premature ovarian insufficiency: a toolkit for the primary care physician
Published in Climacteric, 2021
I. Lambrinoudaki, S. A. Paschou, M. A. Lumsden, S. Faubion, E. Makrakis, S. Kalantaridou, N. Panay
Estrogen deficiency symptoms may or may not be present and can vary immensely in frequency, type and severity. The symptoms may be intermittent due to erratic release of ovarian hormones. The classic symptoms of menopause are the vasomotor symptoms, typically hot flushes and night sweats, vulvovaginal atrophy, vaginal dryness and dyspareunia, but other frequent attributed symptoms include insomnia, mood disturbances, cognitive problems, e.g. memory issues, tiredness, loss of libido and weight gain2. The presentation may also be with sub-fertility due to the reduction in ovarian reserve associated with POI. Nulliparity and low parity are therefore associated with POI. Symptoms may be more severe in POI than natural menopause, particularly in the case of iatrogenic POI due to the rapid loss of ovarian hormones and fertility; this can have profound psychosocial and psychosexual effects1,2.
Epidemiology and prevalence of hyperuricemia among men and women in Chinese rural population: The Henan Rural Cohort Study
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2020
Xiaokang Dong, Honglei Zhang, Fang Wang, Xiaotian Liu, Kaili Yang, Runqi Tu, Min Wei, Ling Wang, Zhenxing Mao, Gongyuan Zhang, Chongjian Wang
Opposite trends of prevalence by age in different genders were observed in the current study. The prevalence of hyperuricemia decreased with increasing age in men and increased in women in the overall trend, respectively. This is consistent with several previous studies also conducted in both rural and urban areas of China [16,36]. The decreasing trend of hyperuricemia with increasing age in men may be related to alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption was found to be negatively associated with age in men [16] and previous studies have indicated that alcohol consumption elevated serum urate levels resulting in hyperuricemia [37,38]. Furthermore, a remarkable difference in this study of the prevalence of hyperuricemia between young and aged populations in men may be due to the higher prevalence of alcohol intake and more meat and poultry intake among younger men (56.4%, 61.8%, 51.2%, 38.1%, 27.5% for alcohol and 37.7%, 38.3%, 31.5%, 22.6%, 15.0% for more meat and poultry intake in 18–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, ≥65 age groups, respectively). An opposite trend in women may be attributed to the function of endocrine. Women in post-menopausal could lead to estrogen deficiency. Estrogens may promote renal clearance of serum urate and its deficiency can result in changes in the endocrine system and increase the incidence of metabolic diseases [39]. However, the underlying mechanisms that lead to hyperuricemia in men and in women require further exploration.