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Prevalence and Risk Factors
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Nutrient losses may also occur through other means besides a dysfunctional gastrointestinal tract. Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) causes hyperglycemia, which results in the loss of glucose in the urine. Liver disease can result in functional nutrient deficits, as the liver serves as a primary site for metabolism and storage of many nutrients, and produces proteins used for their transport.62 Individuals with end stage renal disease can lose nutrients through blood filtration that occurs in the dialysis process.68
Generalized and Metabolic Disease
Published in Wilmer W Nichols, Michael F O'Rourke, Elazer R Edelman, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, McDonald's Blood Flow in Arteries, 2022
Patients with end-stage renal disease are living longer than ever before because of the availability of dialysis and renal transplantation. Patients with end-stage renal failure rarely die now from renal failure but rather from the cardiovascular disease that accompanies it. Mortality rates are high, of the order of 10 percent per annum (London et al., 2001). Patients with renal failure show the same type of accelerated development of arterial disease as do diabetics, the same (or greater) likelihood of elevated arterial pressure as diabetics, the same sensitivity to elevated arterial pressure as diabetics, and the same benefit from antihypertensive therapy (Bergstrom et al., 1986; Peterson et al., 1995; Chue et al., 2010; Yannoutsos et al., 2018).
Sparking and Sustaining the Essential Functions of Research
Published in Thomas S. Inui, Richard M. Frankel, Enhancing the Professional Culture of Academic Health Science Centers, 2022
The opportunity that triggered the creation of the summer camp came unexpectedly. I happened to have been involved, as a member of the steering committee, in a large research project on end-stage renal disease, called the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). This project was funded by a non-profit foundation in Japan. One day I was in a foundation board meeting that had been called to discuss issues regarding promoting outcomes research in Japan, particularly in renal diseases, separately from the DOPPS study. The board members discussed how this foundation could use its funds most effectively, and one board member asked whether and how this foundation was contributing to young people’s education or training in outcomes research. It was not on the agenda, but five or six minutes were spent discussing this issue.
Effect of aromatherapy on quality of life in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Cong Zhang, Hang Mu, Yong-Fang Yang, Yong Zhang, Wen-Jun Gou
End-stage renal disease (ESRD), also known as uremia, is the terminal stage of various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). ESRD has become a major human health threat worldwide [1]. The findings of Lonazno et al. demonstrated that 100–2500 people per million suffer from ESRD worldwide, which is currently ranked as the 18th leading cause of death globally [2]. Although dialysis technology is advancing, leading to improvements in patient survival, most patients in the process of treatment also experience ESRD, and the treatment of associated symptoms, including fatigue, disordered sleep, arteriovenous fistula puncture pain, anxiety, and pressure, are associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) [3–6]. Although medications (such as l-carnitine, growth hormone, nandrolone decanoate, and vitamin C supplementation) are effective in managing such symptoms, prolonged use may lead to drug dependence or long-term exacerbation of symptoms [7,8]. In recent years, the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to improve patient health has become increasingly popular [9]. Acupressure, reflexology, and massage therapies are the most well-studied manipulative and body-based methods (MBMs) that have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating sleep disturbance, fatigue, and uremic pruritus (UP) symptoms in CKD patients [10].
The incidence of pain and its association with quality of life in patients with peritoneal dialysis
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Chunyan Yi, Hongjian Ye, Jianxiong Lin, Yao Chang, Xiaodan Zhang, Ting Zhou, Rui Yang, Xiao Yang
Pain refers to an unpleasant feeling and emotional experience that is associated with existing or potential tissue damage or is described as tissue damage [1], which is a severe and common symptom in patients receiving dialysis but remains inadequately managed in clinical practice. Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) may occur pain due to primary renal disease (such as renal stones, hydronephrosis, polycystic renal disease), renal failure (such as renal osteodystrophy, calcification defense), renal replacement therapy [such as abdominal distension caused by peritoneal dialysis (PD), steal away syndrome caused by hemodialysis (HD)], or other complications (such as diabetes, arthritis, nerve or vascular disease). The literature reported that the incidence of pain in HD patients was ranged from 50% to 82% [2–5]. Previous studies have shown that pain was correlated to depression [6], sleep disorders [7], quality of life (QOL) [8], and hospitalization [6] in HD patients. In addition, pain during non-dialysis period was independently correlated with death in HD patients [9]. However, very few studies investigated the incidence and the impact of pain in PD patients, and the sample sizes of these studies were small [10–12]. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the incidence of pain in PD patients and to analyze the influence factors for pain and its impact on the QOL.
Clinical and pathological features of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease associated with membranous nephropathy: an observational study
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Shasha Zhang, Chaofan Li, Jing Huang, Yan Zhou, Caifeng Gao, Mengyao Sun, Rong Wang, Bing Chen
The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated based on serum creatinine (SCr) levels using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation [19]. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined as SCr rising by over 50% from baseline within 7 days or more than 26.5 μmol/L within 2 days or urine volume (UV) less than 0.5 mL/kg/h for 6 h. Acute kidney diseases and disorders (AKD) included AKI and conditions of renal impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or decreasing by ≥ 35% or SCr increasing by > 50%) or structural damage indicators lasting for less than 3 months. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) referred to a status involving dependency on dialysis for more than 3 months during follow-up or before death. Renal survival period ended when patients entered ESRD stage.