China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Assessing nutritional intake
Published in Judy More, Infant, Child and Adolescent Nutrition, 2021
Energy and nutrient intake can be measured using biomarkers.Doubly-labelled water is used to measure energy expenditure which can be used to validate energy intake from a recorded food diary.A 24–hour urine collection can be measured for sodium, potassium, iodine and nitrogen content. Total nitrogen is a measure of protein intake.Blood levels of certain nutrients indicate an adequate or inadequate intake (e.g. plasma levels of vitamin C, beta-carotene, folate and vitamin D).
The Role of Physical Activity in the Development of Childhood Obesity *
Published in Ronald R. Watson, Marianne Eisinger, Exercise and Disease, 2020
Michael I. Goran, Eric T. Poehlman
Energy expenditure can be measured by a variety of techniques. Direct calorimetry measures heat produced by the body, and indirect calorimetry measures energy expenditure via respiratory gas analysis. Although these methods are both accurate and precise, the main drawback is that energy expenditure can only be measured under sedentary conditions for small periods of time (hours) or longer (days) if whole body chambers are available. The doubly labeled water method is a relatively new research tool that allows accurate14 and precise15 measurement of energy expenditure over extended time periods (days to weeks) in subjects who are truly free-living (i.e., living in their normal environment and performing their regular activities). This method is an isotopic approach to indirect calorimetry that directly measures carbon dioxide production. With knowledge of an estimated 24-h food quotient from the composition of the diet, energy expenditure can be calculated. As reviewed elsewhere, the availability of the doubly labeled water technique is beginning to revolutionize our general understanding of the role of energy expenditure in regulating energy balance and energy requirements.16,17 The resurgence of information is based on the fact that energy expenditure can now be measured by a noninvasive, isotopic approach in which subjects can go about their normal habitual daily activities without constraints on their daily activities.
Physical Activity in the Prevention of Obesity
Published in Roy J. Shephard, Obesity: A Kinesiologist’s Perspective, 2018
It seems reasonable to speculate that if a sedentary person engages in a vigorous physical activity programme there may initially be a reduction of spontaneous leisure activity because of fatigue. However, such an effect should disappear as the individual’s fitness improves. Likewise, rigorous dieting may cause a depression of mood state, again associated with a reduction of spontaneous leisure activity. Nevertheless, one encouraging report by Washburn et al. [137] noted no changes in the spontaneous activity of young, overweight adults over the course of a 16-month exercise programme. These findings can be accepted with some confidence, since they were obtained by the relatively accurate and objective doubly labelled water technique.
Physical activity recall assessment for people with spinal cord injury: Thai translation and cross-cultural adaptation
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Aitthanatt Chachris Eitivipart, Mohit Arora, Camila Quel de Oliveira, Robert Heard, James W. Middleton, Glen M. Davis
The PARA-SCI has shown to be accurate for estimating energy expenditures in people with SCI when compared with the “gold standard” of physical activity assessment – 2H18O doubly-labeled water [5]. Advantages of using the PARA-SCI over other physical activity assessments are its specificity to a population with SCI, the shorter duration for application and data collection, as well as the content-rich details about the type of physical activities and exercise-specific behaviours. We chose to deploy the PARA-SCI in this study and in the following Thai national survey of physical activity because of its superiority over the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) survey [35] for SCI population. PARA-SCI also demonstrates stronger relationship to the 2H18O doubly-labeled water technique for total daily and physical activity energy expenditures (R2=0.74 and R2=0.50, respectively; p < 0.05) [5].
Dietary Intake, Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle-Related Factors in People with Schizophrenia
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2019
Raquel Costa, Scott Teasdale, Sandra Abreu, Tânia Bastos, Michel Probst, Simon Rosenbaum, Philip B. Ward, Rui Corredeira
The strengths of this study include the comprehensive approach to evaluating and reporting dietary intake in people with schizophrenia, which is a clear limitation in previous studies (Teasdale, Firth, Stubbs, & Burrows, 2018). Assessing dietary patterns in people with schizophrenia presents a challenge given the common cognitive barriers. FFQ’s represent a subjective and retrospective method, for that reason misreporting of portion size, food type and preparation methods occurs. According to Henderson et al. (2006), people with schizophrenia presents higher risk for misreporting. This highlights the need for a valid assessment method for assessing dietary intake in people with schizophrenia and other mental disorders (Teasdale, Ward, Rosenbaum, Samaras, & Stubbs, 2017). Despite this limitation, it is commonly used in people with schizophrenia (Amani, 2007; Archie et al., 2007; Chuang, Mansell, & Patten, 2008; Henderson et al., 2006; Roick et al., 2007; Samele et al., 2007) as more accurate measures such as doubly-labelled water, nutritional biomarkers or weighed-food records are not considered feasible.
Hydration measured by doubly labeled water in ALS and its effects on survival
Published in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 2018
Connor N. Scagnelli, Diantha B. Howard, Mark B. Bromberg, Edward J. Kasarskis, Dwight E. Matthews, Hiroshi M. Mitsumoto, Zachary Simmons, Rup Tandan
The doubly labeled water (DLW) method reliably measures TBW and water turnover, a surrogate for intake in short-term weight stable individuals (20,21). We measured hydration using DLW in ALS patients and healthy controls matched on gender and ±2 years of age from our Clinical Research Center database. Our hypothesis was that dehydration would adversely affect survival. We compared TBW and water turnover in ALS patients from a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Health study cohort of nutrition (22) to that in controls. We developed equations to estimate TBW and water intake in patients and examined the validity of equations published by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to estimate water intake in healthy adults (23,24), for use in ALS patients. We used the best predictive equations in a unique ‘clinic cohort’ of ALS patients followed in the National ALS Center clinic at the University of Vermont Medical Center to examine the effect of hydration on survival.