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Endocrine diseases and pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Adrenal insufficiency in pregnancy has an estimated frequency of 1 per 300 births (60). Recognition and treatment of adrenal insufficiency has virtually eliminated maternal mortality, and the miscarriage rate may be as low as 15% (61). However, primary adrenal insufficiency due to autoimmune adrenalitis (Addison’s disease) is frequently associated with other autoimmune disorders, including antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus, which independently confer hazard to the pregnancy (62).
Endocrinology and metabolism
Published in Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan, Essential Notes for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2021
Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan
Primary adrenal failure (Addison’s disease) is most often due to autoimmune adrenalitis (>70%). Rare causes include TB and CMV. Secondary failure is due to failure of ACTH production by the pituitary, either due to hypopituitarism or due to steroid suppression of the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA).
Adrenocortical Disease
Published in T.M. Craft, P.M. Upton, Key Topics In Anaesthesia, 2021
Chronic. Chronic deficiency may follow surgical adrenalectomy, autoimmune adrenalitis (Addison’s disease), adrenal infiltration with tumour, leukaemia, infection (TB, histoplasmosis), amyloidosis, or may be secondary to pituitary dysfunction.
Ten-year trends in adrenal insufficiency admissions
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Hafeez Shaka, Shannon Manz, Zain El-amir, Farah Wani, Michael Salim, Asim Kichloo
The increasing spectrum of use and successes of checkpoint inhibitors in the management of various neoplasms may also be related to the increased incidence of AI. Autoimmune adrenalitis is a rare but known endocrinologic immune-related adverse event associated with immunotherapy.19 These adverse events typically have a delayed onset and prolonged duration. The effects are frequently low grade and are treatable and reversible; however, some adverse effects can be severe and lead to permanent disorders.20
Adrenal insufficiency due to recurrent renal cell carcinoma in the left adrenal gland 3 years after right radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2020
PAI is a very rare disease and around 90% of cases are caused by autoimmune adrenalitis. Other causes include hereditary diseases, drugs, vascular disorders, and very few adrenocortical infiltrative disorders [6]. Adrenocortical infiltration can occur in cancer, tuberculosis, fungal infections, histiocytosis, or sarcoidosis. Unlike the atrophic adrenals of autoimmune adrenalitis, patients with adrenal insufficiency due to invasive disease often show bilateral adrenal masses in radiologic images [7].
Ocular manifestations of endocrine disorders
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2022
M Hossein Nowroozzadeh, Sarah Thornton, Alison Watson, Zeba A Syed, Reza Razeghinejad
Addison’s disease (primary adrenal insufficiency) is a rare disorder of adrenal glands characterized by systemic hypoadrenalism. Its common causes are tuberculosis and autoimmune adrenalitis. The clinical manifestations include skin hyperpigmentation, fatigue, joint/muscle pain, anorexia, and orthostasis. Ocular features of Addison’s disease can include eyelid ptosis, blepharospasm, and blepharitis.86