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Basic life support guidelines (out of hospital)
Published in Godson Nina, Kelly Ryan, Nursing & Health Survival Guide: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, 2018
Then look, listen and feel for signs of life for 10 seconds! Do this by firstly placing one hand on the casualty’s forehead and place the finger tips from the other hand under the casualty’s chin. Tilt the forehead and chin backwards, to open up the airway. This is known as ‘head tilt – chin lift’.Look – for signs of life. Observe the patient’s condition and chest rising.Listen – for signs of life. Listen for breath sounds.Feel – for the casualty’s breath on your cheek.‘Agonal’ breathing – this is when the casualty is taking gasps of breath before breathing ceases: this breathing is not normal! and is a sign for starting CPR.
Answers
Published in John D Firth, Professor Ian Gilmore, MRCP Part 2 Self-Assessment, 2018
John D Firth, Professor Ian Gilmore
The first step in basic airway management is to open the airway. This should be done with a head-tilt chin lift, unless there is suggestion of a neck injury when a jaw-thrust manoeuvre is preferred. Material in the oropharynx should be removed under direct vision. Oropharyngeal (OPA) and nasopharyngeal (NPA) airways are useful adjuncts but do not provide a definitive airway for unconscious patients.
Management problems
Published in Brian J Pollard, Gareth Kitchen, Handbook of Clinical Anaesthesia, 2017
If the casualty is unresponsive first shout for help, then open the airway using a head tilt, chin lift, and then use the look, listen and feel approach for a maximum of 10 seconds to open the airway and assess for signs of life (presence of a central pulse and respiratory effort). Note that in the unconscious patient with suspected cervical spine injuries a jaw thrust should be employed instead of a head tilt, chin lift to prevent further injury.
Verbal Motivation vs. Digital Real-Time Feedback during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Comparing Bystander CPR Quality in a Randomized and Controlled Manikin Study of Simulated Cardiac Arrest
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2021
Christopher Plata, Michael Nowack, Johannes Loeser, Hendrik Drinhaus, Susanne Steinhauser, Jochen Hinkelbein, Wolfgang A. Wetsch, Bernd W. Böttiger, Oliver Spelten
After starting the experiment, subjects of all groups called the simulated dispatcher center using the cordless telephone. Activation of the loudspeaker was required by the dispatcher at the beginning of the experiment. During this simulated emergency call, subjects of all groups were instructed by a dispatcher to open the airway by using the head-tilt, chin lift maneuver. Further, the dispatcher explained how to perform chest compressions with the help of a standardized telephone-CPR protocol, which is also used by the Cologne EMS dispatcher center: “kneel beside the patient,” “remove clothing from the chest,” place both hands on the middle of the chest,” “push hard with straight elbows,” “count loudly,” “continue chest compressions without interruption until the EMS arrives.” Subjects of the telephone-group did not receive any further support during CPR, e.g. instruction or feedback on compression rate or depth.